Although there are many definitions of cognitive ability, most focus on the notion that cognitive ability is both a determinant and a product of human learning. A common definition of cognitive ability describes it as a general mental capability that involves, among other things, the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex
Ability grouping in education, a longstanding practice with a complex history, entails classifying students into groups based on their perceived academic abilities. This article examines the various forms of ability grouping, such as homogeneous and heterogeneous grouping, tracking, and flexible grouping, and delves into the advantages, including personalized instruction and improved teacher effectiveness, as well