Child maltreatment has occurred throughout history and across cultures. Anthropology’s cross-cultural approach has contributed to efforts to define and explain aggressive or inadequate treatment of children. Child maltreatment was brought to public and professional attention when it was identified in the medical and social work literature in the United States and Europe during the 1960s
Hazardous alcohol use is a significant health problem that affects many people. In the United States, almost 10% of the population will meet past-year diagnostic criteria for either alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence, with the highest rates occurring among college students and other young adults. Alcohol use disorders co-occur with mental health problems like depression,
The article explores the pivotal role of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in the treatment of substance abuse within the context of health psychology. Beginning with an introduction to the prevalence of substance abuse as a major health concern, the article emphasizes the need for effective interventions, introducing CBT as a prominent therapeutic approach. The theoretical foundation
Substance abuse and dependence are complex problems that are often encountered in a counseling practice. Substance abuse and dependence have been defined as disorders that affect the mind, the body, and the spirit. This entry summarizes the background, definitions of the clinical problem, levels of care and counseling modalities, components of counseling and clinical approaches
Substance abuse remains a pervasive and complex issue with far-reaching consequences in society. This comprehensive article delves into the multifaceted aspects of substance abuse, including its prevalence, etiology, psychological and behavioral underpinnings, assessment and diagnosis, treatment and intervention strategies, prevention efforts, and legal and ethical considerations. Drawing on current research and evolving trends, it highlights
Although elder abuse is a pervasive and growing problem, much about this topic remains unknown, and inconsistency in definitions has hampered research and practice. Both the lack of clarity of definition and the underreporting of cases have prevented a clear picture of prevalence. Notwithstanding, it is estimated that between 1 and 2 million Americans over
This article on abuse and neglect provides a comprehensive examination of the multifaceted issues surrounding the mistreatment of children, encompassing a diverse range of abuse types, their profound impact on child development, and the assessment and intervention strategies employed within the field of psychology. Part 1 explores the various forms of abuse, including physical, emotional
Psychologists are often asked to evaluate and to provide testimony about parental capacity. The Child Abuse Potential (CAP) Inventory, a measure originally designed to screen parents for child physical abuse risk, is frequently used as a measure of general parental capacity. The CAP Inventory is a 160-item, forced-choice (agree/disagree) self-report questionnaire. It contains a 77-item
A number of different methods are used to treat substance abuse. The most common method often used by treatment facilities is 12-step counseling, although little is known about its effectiveness. Treatment modalities include inpatient, day treatment, and outpatient care, usually followed by aftercare. Twelve Step Facilitation Therapy has been scientifically validated but is rarely adopted
Research indicates that substance abuse is a risk marker for intimate partner violence (IPV). This article reviews the evidence for the association of substance abuse and domestic violence, possible explanations for it, and implications for theory and practice for professionals who work in this area. Substance Abuse as a Risk Marker for Domestic Violence Studies using a
Elder abuse is a term that has both specific and general meanings. Specifically, the term refers to volitional acts (acts of commission) of physical, sexual, or psychological violence perpetrated against individuals over age 65 by family members or other individuals in positions of trust, such as health care providers. The term is not usually used
Child abuse is a global problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 40 million children between birth and 14 years of age are abused or neglected annually around the world. Thus, child abuse is found across all societies and cultures, almost always surrounded by secrecy and denial. The exact number of children who are
Feminine traits, those characteristically associated with women, include helpfulness to others, gentleness, warmth, and emotionality. Masculine traits, stereotypically associated with men, include assertiveness, self-reliance, achievement orientation, and independence. Traditionally, psychologists viewed femininity and masculinity as opposite roles of a single bipolar continuum: the more feminine a person was, the less masculine that person could be.
Abuse refers to physical, sexual, or emotional harm to a person perpetrated by a relative, caregiver, or spouse, or others in a social relationship with the abused person. Common forms of abuse include intimate partner abuse, partner or marital rape, and elder abuse. All of these forms of abuse are typically contained within the broad