Although a center is typically a place where something occurs, an assessment center is not so much a place as it is a method. A key principle of this method is multiple-attribute assessment. That is, assessment focuses on multiple attributes or dimensions relevant to an individual’s overall performance. Another key principle is that assessment is
The term personality typically refers to one’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving. In addition to the stable, trait-like features often evoked by this construct (e.g., sociability, dominance, modesty), many theories also emphasize the roles of culture, family, and other environmental factors involved in personality expression and development. This predominant individual differences variable has
The Environmental Assessment Technique (EAT) was developed by John L. Holland and Alexander W. Astin to quickly and easily capture the dominant beliefs, functioning, and goals of the individuals within an organization, using Holland’s six environmental models. The EAT consists of eight scales: Institutional Size, Aptitude Level, and six Personal Orientation scales. Theoretical Background of
There are numerous approaches to technology assessment but it is essentially a systematic method for exploring technology developments and assessing their potential societal effects. It was typically implemented as a strategy to inform policy decisions within government and industry but now includes a growing body of scholarly research in science and technology studies (Herdman &
Introduction Economic modeling techniques are widely used to provide a quantitative framework for economic evaluations that aim to inform policy decisions. Central to the validity of judgments that are based on the results of economic models is an assessment of the quality of the models themselves. Decision makers should have confidence that the quality of
The Environmental Assessment Technique (EAT) was developed by John L. Holland and Alexander W. Astin to quickly and easily capture the dominant beliefs, functioning, and goals of the individuals within an organization, using Holland’s six environmental models. The EAT consists of eight scales: Institutional Size, Aptitude Level, and six Personal Orientation scales. Theoretical Background The
The term personality typically refers to one’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving. In addition to the stable, trait-like features often evoked by this construct (e.g., sociability, dominance, modesty), many theories also emphasize the roles of culture, family, and other environmental factors involved in personality expression and development. This predominant individual differences variable has
Given that most organizations have many more job applicants than they have job openings, employers must be able to quickly and efficiently screen out those applicants who not only fail to meet the minimum qualifications but are also unlikely to be successful on the job if hired. Prescreening assessment methods provide cost-effective ways of selecting
This article delves into the realm of health psychology by examining the pivotal role of Risk Assessment Models derived from the Framingham Outcomes. Commencing with an elucidation of the background and significance of health psychology, the narrative navigates through the inception and objectives of the Framingham Heart Study. The first section delves into the foundational
This article explores the pivotal role of psychological assessment in dental procedures within the realm of health psychology. Beginning with a historical overview and theoretical foundation, the article delves into the intricate interplay between psychological factors and oral health. Specific attention is given to the impact of anxiety, stress, and psychosomatic connections on dental conditions.
This article in health psychology explores the pivotal roles of assessment and treatment planning in promoting individual and community well-being. The introduction delineates the fundamental concepts, emphasizing their significance within the broader field of health psychology. Section II delves into the intricate process of assessment, elucidating its purposes, diverse methodologies, and ethical considerations. Section III
Computer assessment, Web-based assessment, and computer adaptive testing (CAT) all refer to a classification of personnel instruments that use computer technology for the purposes of selection and assessment. The most general of these terms, computer assessment, refers to any assessment instrument that is presented using a computer interface. Web-based assessment is a specialized form of
Although individual psychological assessment is one of the most widely offered services provided by practitioners in psychology, it takes on somewhat unique characteristics in the domain of industrial and organizational psychology. These unique characteristics occur for both the assessment measurements of the individual and the outcomes that are predicted from those measurements. From a measurement
Personality assessment is the process of gathering information about an individual to make inferences about personal characteristics including thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Raymond B. Cattell identified three primary sources of obtaining such personality information: life-data, information collected from objective records; test-data, information obtained in constructed situations where a person’s behavior can be observed and objectively
The Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2) is used to facilitate differential diagnosis in individuals ages 2 to 25 years old. The BASC-2 comprises three forms: the Teacher Rating Scale (TRS), the Parent Rating Scale (PRS), and the Self-Report of Personality (SRP). The Teacher Rating Scale and the Parent Rating Scale have three
Psychological research has shown that memory is not a unitary construct. Instead, memory consists of a coordinated collection of processes and abilities that work together to enable individuals’ day-to-day functioning. Furthermore, one aspect of memory can be impaired while another remains intact. For that reason, psychologists do not rely on a single procedure for assessing
Psychopathology can be thought of as the expression of mental impairment in the form of psychological signs and symptoms. Specific disorders subsumed under psychopathology, while having specific signs and symptoms, have as their common thread a significant impairment in mental functioning that causes distress or disability. However, no one sign or symptom is usually sufficient
Self-esteem is one of the most widely studied variables in the social and behavioral sciences. A vast literature spanning many disciplines has shown that high self-esteem promotes behaviors, goals, and coping mechanisms that facilitate success in school, work, and relationships. High self-esteem impedes mental and physical health problems, delinquency, substance abuse, and antisocial behavior. Given
Cross-cultural assessment is a vital dimension of contemporary psychology, marked by the necessity of understanding and addressing cultural diversity in the assessment process. This article explores the foundations, methods, and challenges of cross-cultural assessment, emphasizing the critical role of cultural competence in effective psychological evaluation. The introduction sets the stage by highlighting the importance of
Violence risk assessment is a decision-making task that transpires in numerous legal and clinical settings in which the possibility of a person’s future violent behavior is of concern. Common contexts in which violence risk assessment occurs include involuntary civil commitment, release from prison or forensic hospital, sentencing, transfer of youths to adult court, and sexually violent
Forensic assessment is a part of the broader category of psychological assessment. The purpose of forensic assessment is distinct from that of traditional therapeutic assessment, and as such forensic evaluators have different training and practice guidelines. The settings in which forensic evaluations occur are vast, including law enforcement, correctional, and civil and criminal court settings.
The Competence to Stand Trial Assessment Instrument, often called the Competency Assessment Instrument (CAI), was developed in 1973 as a companion instrument to the Competency Screening Test (CST) and sought to standardize as well as quantify the criteria for competence to stand trial. The instrument was created by an interdisciplinary team of psychologists, psychiatrists, and
Authentic assessment in school psychology is a multifaceted approach to evaluating student learning that aligns assessment practices with real-world contexts and tasks. This article delves into the core principles and historical development of authentic assessment, emphasizing its significance in contemporary education. It explores the various types of authentic assessments, including performance-based assessments, real-world simulations, and
Behavioral assessment plays a pivotal role in the field of school psychology, contributing significantly to the understanding and support of students with behavioral challenges. This article explores the fundamentals of behavioral assessment within the context of school psychology, focusing on its types, applications, challenges, and ethical considerations. We begin by defining behavioral assessment and highlighting
Career assessment plays a pivotal role in the field of school psychology, serving as a cornerstone for guiding students’ educational and vocational choices. This article delves into the multifaceted domain of career assessment in school psychology, exploring its theoretical underpinnings, assessment methods, and practical applications. Beginning with a historical overview, it examines the evolution of
Criterion-referenced assessment plays a pivotal role in the field of school psychology, offering a precise means to evaluate students’ performance against specific educational objectives. This article delves into the multifaceted realm of criterion-referenced assessment, elucidating its theoretical underpinnings, diverse methodologies, and applications within educational settings. It highlights the historical evolution of this assessment approach, explores
Curriculum-Based Assessment (CBA) stands as a cornerstone of modern educational practices in school psychology, enabling professionals to evaluate and support student learning effectively. This article delves into the significance of CBA within the field, tracing its historical evolution and highlighting its theoretical foundations. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the methods and techniques employed
Infant assessment in school psychology plays a pivotal role in early intervention and support for young children and their families. This article explores the definition and significance of infant assessment, tracing its historical development and theoretical foundations. It delves into the various methods and tools employed to assess infants’ developmental milestones and potential challenges. Furthermore
Intelligence assessment plays a pivotal role in school psychology, aiding in the understanding of cognitive abilities and informing educational strategies. This article explores the multifaceted landscape of intelligence assessment, delving into its historical evolution, theoretical underpinnings, assessment methods, and ethical considerations. It also highlights the practical applications of intelligence assessment in educational planning, special education
Motor assessment plays a pivotal role in school psychology, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of students’ development and learning. This article explores the significance, historical context, and theoretical foundations of motor assessment. It delves into various methods and tools used to assess motor skills, including popular assessments such as the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency
This article explores neuropsychological assessment in school psychology. It covers its definition, historical evolution, theoretical foundations, assessment tools, and ethical considerations. The article highlights its practical applications in identifying learning disabilities and neurodevelopmental disorders, emphasizing collaborative efforts among professionals. It discusses challenges, ethics, and emerging trends, concluding with the enduring significance of neuropsychological assessment in
Outcomes-Based Assessment (OBA) in school psychology is a comprehensive and evolving approach to evaluating student performance and well-being. This article delves into the definition and significance of OBA in the realm of school psychology, providing insights into its historical evolution and development. It also outlines the objectives and structure of the article. The foundation of
Performance-Based Assessment (PBA) in school psychology is a dynamic approach to evaluating students’ skills, knowledge, and abilities. This article explores the significance and evolution of PBA, underpinned by cognitive learning theories and constructivist paradigms. We delve into the various methods and techniques employed in performance-based assessment, such as portfolio assessments, project-based tasks, and rubrics, highlighting
Personality assessment in school psychology is a critical practice for understanding and supporting students’ emotional and behavioral development. This article provides an overview of the historical evolution, theoretical foundations, assessment methods, applications, and ethical considerations related to personality assessment in educational settings. It also explores emerging trends and emphasizes the continued significance of this field
Portfolio assessment is a versatile and informative method for evaluating student learning and achievement in school psychology. This comprehensive article explores the historical development, theoretical foundations, design principles, and diverse applications of portfolio assessment. We delve into its role in tracking progress, enhancing formative assessment, and promoting reflective teaching, all while addressing the needs of
Preschool assessment in school psychology plays a pivotal role in understanding and supporting the development of young children. This article provides a comprehensive overview of preschool assessment, covering its definition, historical evolution, theoretical foundations, methods, applications, challenges, ethical considerations, and future trends. Highlighting the significance of early childhood assessment, this article emphasizes the role of
Social-emotional assessment in school psychology plays a pivotal role in fostering students’ emotional well-being, interpersonal skills, and overall development. This comprehensive article delves into the multifaceted domain of social-emotional assessment, emphasizing its significance in educational contexts. Beginning with an exploration of its historical evolution and theoretical underpinnings, we delve into the various methods and tools
Sociometric assessment plays a crucial role in understanding and fostering social dynamics in educational settings. This article delves into the world of sociometric assessment in school psychology, exploring its significance, historical evolution, and theoretical foundations. It discusses the methods and tools used for sociometric assessment, ethical considerations, and the various applications and benefits of this
The Suicide Assessment Manual for Inmates (SAMI) is a new instrument designed to assess risk for suicide attempts among individuals admitted to a pretrial remand center or jail. The SAMI is a 20-item clinical checklist of risk factors derived from the suicide research literature. Initial research on the SAMI has focused on its factor structure
Prisoner suicide assessment and prevention is an area of active research and clinical involvement. Indeed, it is an important component of the forensic psychologist’s clinical responsibilities due to the disproportionately high incidence of prison suicide as compared with the general population. This high incidence is a consistent phenomenon across countries. In some countries, this translates
Another topic related to psychopathy and central to clinical forensic psychology is risk assessment. Risk assessment was more commonly referred to as violence prediction because the primary focus for forensic psychologists was predicting whether a particular person would become violent. However, risk assessment is not simply about making a forced choice about whether a particular
The Danger Assessment Instrument (DA), in its current form, is a 20-item actuarial test designed to assess the risk of serious or lethal intimate partner violence. It is intended for use with adult women who have suffered physical abuse at the hands of men who are their current or former intimate partners. Although originally developed
The HCR-20 Violence Risk Assessment Scheme is a 20-item violence risk assessment tool, accompanied by a 97-page user’s manual. It is intended to structure clinical decisions about the risk for violence posed by adult forensic psychiatric patients, civil psychiatric patients, and criminal offenders (whether mentally disordered or not). The HCR-20 is relevant to the field
The Jail Screening Assessment Tool (JSAT) is a screening tool developed for the purpose of identifying mentally disordered offenders in jails and prisons. The JSAT is administered by a mental health professional during a brief interview. Initial studies support the JSAT’s validity and use as an effective screening device to identify inmates’ mental health needs.
Violence risk assessment is relevant to the field of law and psychology because it occurs at numerous junctures in the legal system, and it is one of the key areas of research and clinical practice in forensic psychology. This entry reviews two primary approaches to risk assessment: unstructured and structured. The former approach, sometimes also
Although clinical psychological assessment is generally expected to be specific to particular interventions with demonstrated efficacy, there is insufficient empirical evidence on which to prescribe clinical assessment practice with sex offenders. The best strategy is to examine interventions that target personal and circumstantial characteristics empirically related to commission of sex offenses or to recidivism among
This article explores the landscape of diagnosing and assessing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) within the realm of health psychology. The introduction elucidates the definition of PTSD, accentuating its pervasive impact on mental health and underscoring the paramount importance of accurate diagnosis and assessment. The first section delves into the diverse array of assessment tools, including
The field of neuropsychology plays a crucial role in understanding the intricate relationship between the brain and behavior, and neuropsychological assessment serves as a pivotal tool for unraveling the complexities of cognitive functioning. This article provides an overview of assessment techniques in neuropsychology, delving into the historical evolution of these methods and their contemporary applications
This article explores the intricate landscape of hostility measurement and assessment within the domain of health psychology. The introduction sets the stage by elucidating the multifaceted nature of hostility and its pivotal role in health outcomes. The conceptualization of hostility is expounded, encompassing various dimensions and theoretical frameworks that underpin its understanding. Subsequently, the article
The article explores the landscape of psychological assessment of pain within the realm of health psychology, delving into its theoretical foundations, assessment tools, and contextual considerations. The introduction outlines the significance of psychological assessment in pain management and offers a concise historical overview. Part 1 elucidates theoretical frameworks, including the Biopsychosocial Model, Cognitive-Behavioral Models, and