Since ancient times, natural and formulated substances have been used to care for and style hair. Products were designed as cleansers, treatments to regrow or remove hair, styling elements like stiffening agents, or beautifiers imparting shine, curl, or color. From shredded vegetables, to bear grease, to Dippity-do, hair care products run the gamut through shampoos
Hair shows are trade shows that focus on hair design and products and are held regionally, nationally, and internationally. Generally only open to hair professionals (cosmetology students, barbers, hairstylists, and salon professionals), they feature competitions, product and technique demonstrations, business seminars, hair runway shows, sales, and opportunities for professional development. Organized by trade associations and
The personal care company Dove, a subsidiary of parent corporation Unilever, launched the Campaign for Real Beauty in 2004 with a stated mission to widen the definition of beauty. In tandem with this advertising campaign, Dove markets products such as lotion, body wash, deodorant, firming cream, shampoo, and conditioner for skin and hair; it has
Dr. 90210 is a popular documentary-style reality television program that premiered on the E! network in 2004 in the United States. It has recently completed its sixth season. The show follows the lives of cosmetic surgeons, including their personal and professional lives. Dr. 90210 is often credited with playing a large role in increasing the
Ebony, first published on November 1, 1945, is a monthly magazine that chronicles the social, political, economic, and cultural activities of people of African descent in the United States and abroad. Founded by John H. Johnson, Ebony was influenced by the popular Life magazine—a mainstream publication that used a distinctly photojournalist style to capture scenes
Estée Lauder (1908–2004) was known for her belief that all women can be beautiful. Like the other grande dames of the cosmetics industry, Lauder gained entrance to the cosmetics business through skin care products. Her company’s global reputation was built on brands such as cosmetic line Clinique, and Aramis, her first specialty fragrance line for
Women the world over look to fashion magazines to guide them in their clothing, accessories, and makeup choices. Illustrated periodicals related to fashion and style began to circulate soon after the invention of the movable type press in the 15th century. Part gossip, part news, clothing was not the main focus of these pamphlets, but
Fat farms are weight loss retreats/spas that put participants through rigorous fitness regimens in order to lose weight rapidly. They work by combining boot camp-style fitness with starvation-level nutrition and use controversial treatments such as colonics. These farms originally catered to wealthy women, often celebrities, who wanted to lose weight quickly for a movie role
The world of makeup was transformed by the rise of film as popular entertainment. The original black and white films presented actors with stark, dramatically emphasized faces, using the same techniques and makeup made popular on the live stage. With black and white, the vivid contrast between dark and light, shadow and radiance helped to
Cosmetics are consumer products that are used to beautify, clean, or protect the body. Cosmetics can be used on any part of the body, but they are most frequently applied to the face. The term makeup has become synonymous with cosmetics because such formulations are often applied to enhance one’s physical exterior. Cosmetics have played