For several professions, the initial career choices are followed by the need to choose a specialty within that profession. For example, physicians-in-training need to decide whether to specialize in pediatrics, orthopedics, psychiatry, or some other field. However, much of the career development literature has focused primarily on the initial career choice of a profession with
For many individuals and for a long time, occupational choice has been seen as the goal of career development. Theory and practice focused on either occupational choice or career development, but more recently these have been integrated into more complex conceptions of career. Historically, occupational choice is a comparatively new phenomenon. Up until the twentieth
School choice refers to the use of public funds that give parents more discretion in their children’s education. It usually entails making available to parents a wider variety of educational options beyond a standard, local public school. Examples of choice initiatives include charter schools, home schooling, voucher programs, tax credits for private schools, and the
Choice theories of crime and violence are based on the assumption that humans can exercise free will and that people make rational decisions. According to this view, delinquents choose to act improperly, just as nondelinquents choose to act properly. These theories suggest that youths choose to behave in certain ways based on personal desires such
Many public health interventions are extremely good value for money. Advice from doctors to give up smoking, vaccinations against communicable diseases, or improved access to clean water in low-income countries are often relatively low cost interventions that produce substantial health gains. Where evidence on cost-effectiveness is available, many preventive and public health interventions fare very
This article will survey the application of discrete choice models in health economics. The application of econometrics to understanding the health system takes place at several levels: Aggregate: modeling the behavior over time of aggregates such as health care spending and demographics. Market: modeling the behavior of specific markets such as hospital services markets and
Simultaneous Choice Definition The term simultaneous choice is mostly used in contrast to sequential choice. Both terms refer to the selection of a series of items for subsequent consumption, for example, when selecting a set of three soft drinks to be consumed one per day during the next three days. Simultaneous choice is the choice
The topic of job choice subsumes all the activities involved in the process of deciding where to work. The concept underlying job choice research is that individuals are motivated to find work consistent with their preferences and goals. Job seekers engage in a goal-directed search process and compare each potential job relative to alternatives. The