Almost by definition, cultural anthropology is cross-cultural research. The search for an understanding of what culture is has meant undertaking research with an eye for comparing ethnographic data generated in different societies. Anthropological fieldwork has been driven as much by the desire to test a particular theory about culture as it has been about documenting
With the globalization of markets, advertisers are faced with the question whether to internationally standardize their campaigns or to tailor them to each country’s target audience. This controversial issue is discussed in the so-called standardization/differentiation debate in international marketing literature. Although standardization has the advantage of saving cost, companies that stress global standardization do not
Participation in a formal cross-cultural training program will prepare people for a successful sojourn in another country. Given the number of adjustments and the amount of potential stress that overseas assignments can entail, this approach, rather than the “sink or swim” approach is recommended (Brislin & Yoshida, 1994; Landis & Bhagat, 1996). People who live
This article explores the intricate relationship between eating disorders and cross-cultural perspectives within the realm of health psychology. Beginning with a succinct introduction to the prevalent eating disorders—Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder—the article underscores the significance of investigating these phenomena through diverse cultural lenses. The first section delves into the cultural influences
The history of cross-cultural psychology, broadly defined, started with Herodotus in the fifth century BC. In fact, two excellent histories, Klineberg (1980), and Jahoda and Krewer (1996), note that Herodotus had the insight that all humans are ethnocentric. This is a basic aspect of the human condition, because most humans are limited to knowing only
Cross-cultural communication refers to the exchange of information between people of different cultural backgrounds. It is a well-studied field of research in several disciplines, including psychology, speech and communication, sociology, anthropology, and business. Cross-cultural communication is highly related to a similar term, intercultural communication. In actuality, there is no difference between these terms in the
In one early cross-cultural study, Porteus administered tests of cognitive abilities to members of various cultural populations around the world. The test he relied on most consisted of mazes drawn on paper. On the basis of the distributions of the test scores, Porteus (1937) made comparative statements about the intelligence of such groups as Bushmen
When counseling culturally diverse clients, counselors will often encounter many obstacles or barriers. These barriers can stem from the counselor’s lack of cultural knowledge to language differences between the counselor and client. Barriers to cross-cultural counseling can negatively influence the counseling relationship as well as the outcome of counseling. The literature has even linked these
Cross-cultural psychology is the study of similarities and differences in individual psychological functioning in various cultural and ethnic groups, as well as the relationships between psychological variables and sociocultural, ecological, and biological variables. Cross-cultural psychology regards culture as essential to psychological functioning, as an integral context for psychological development and behavior. Cross-cultural psychology consists mainly
Cross-cultural assessment is a vital dimension of contemporary psychology, marked by the necessity of understanding and addressing cultural diversity in the assessment process. This article explores the foundations, methods, and challenges of cross-cultural assessment, emphasizing the critical role of cultural competence in effective psychological evaluation. The introduction sets the stage by highlighting the importance of
In today’s increasingly diverse educational landscape, the practice of cross-cultural consultation in school psychology has emerged as an indispensable means of promoting inclusivity and enhancing educational outcomes. This article delves into the multifaceted realm of cross-cultural consultation, emphasizing its vital role in addressing the challenges that cultural diversity presents in educational settings. We define cross-cultural
Research in industrial-organizational psychology is increasingly being conducted across cultural boundaries to test the generalizability of Western findings and to train managers to be more effective in multicultural contexts. Although cross-cultural research involves many of the same methods that are used in typical I/O research, many unique issues arise in the cross-cultural research process—from the
Cross-cultural consultation in school psychology is a critical framework for addressing behavioral and academic challenges in increasingly diverse educational settings. This article explores the foundations, processes, techniques, and outcomes of cross-cultural consultation. Beginning with an examination of its historical development and theoretical underpinnings, it delves into the practical application of culturally sensitive assessment and intervention
Everyone is born into a cultural environment. Cultures vary widely in belief systems, settings, languages, and processes of transmission, such as child socialization and teaching. Culture also provides a set of “rules” for interaction and a kind of blueprint for human development. The study of cross-cultural development is concerned with the varieties of human behavior