Cultural diversity is an increasingly salient issue for many organizations due to greater geographic mobility among potential members (including migration) and a decrease in barriers to participation in many countries. “Cultural diversity” is defined as the presence of members with different systems of understanding based on cultural or group affiliation (Cox 1993). These systems of
Toward the end of the colonial era, there seemed an imperative to collect, record, and catalog as much about the disappearing cultures encountered by colonial Europe as possible. From the perspective of the 19th-century traveler, government official, and academic, it seemed that cultural traditions were rapidly becoming extinct following the perceived lure of the modern
Societies survive and successfully reproduce themselves only insofar as they meet the elementary material needs of a certain minimum of their members. This observation is the starting point for cultural materialism, a living theoretical tradition founded and defined by the American anthropologist Marvin Harris (1927-2001). Of cardinal importance, in Harris’s view, is the fact that
South Korea has emerged as a center of pop culture throughout Asia: its scope of cultural influence encompasses Eurasia (e.g., Uzbekistan, Mongolia, and Russia), East Asia (e.g., China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, and Japan), Southeast Asia (e.g., Cambodia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia), and even extends beyond Asia. Korea’s cultural products – notably, its
The cultural imperialism thesis states, broadly, that a powerful country uses cultural means to achieve or support the political and economic ends of imperialism that were historically attained through military force and occupation. In this view, the tools of culture can smooth the way for domination by exposing people to lifestyles to aspire to, products
In the communication field, the term “cultural product” refers to media artifacts such as books, newspapers, magazines, recorded music, films, television programs, and related audiovisual materials. “Cultural product” succinctly conveys the juxtaposition that renders these artifacts controversial: they express cultural values of societies that produce them, yet are economic goods created, distributed, and engaged by
The concept of culture was first found useful by social anthropologists in studies of tribal societies. More recently, it has also been used to analyze differences between industrialized societies. A culture can be said to exist when a number of persons interpret the events around them in relatively similar ways. These shared interpretations typically include
The question of what counts as “feminist popular culture” arises from an engagement with foundational debates within cultural studies as to the primary site for cultural reproduction and contestation. These debates are reflected in the competing definitions of “popular culture” that circulate in the literature, namely: (1) the ideological products of mainstream commercial culture addressed
Museum and Cultural Centers Careers Background Museums and cultural centers have many things in common. Their function is primarily to educate people about themselves and the natural and technological world, past and present. They try to authentically portray cultural diversity and search for universal elements that unite people from different backgrounds. Most museums and cultural
One of the central goals of sociological studies of education has been to understand the role of schools in society. Do schools promote equal opportunity? Do schools help to recreate social stratification? In American society, where the ideology of meritocracy has taken root, American social science researchers have been pre occupied with issues of mobility
Anthropologists Clyde Kluckhohn and William Kelley claim that by “culture,” we mean those historically created selective processes that channel men’s reactions, both to internal and to external stimuli. In a more simplistic way, culture is the complex whole that consists of all the ways we think and do and everything we have as members of
Cultural ecology is the study of the adaptation of a culture to a specific environment and how changes in that environment lead to changes in that specific culture. It also focuses on how the overall environment, natural resources available, technology, and population density affect the rest of the culture and how a traditional system of
Cultural relativism is the idea that beliefs are affected by and best understood within the context of culture. It is a theory and a tool used by anthropologists and social scientists for recognizing the natural tendency to judge other cultures in comparison to their own and for adequately collecting and analyzing information about other cultures
Culture is that complex whole that includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs, and other capabilities acquired by man as a member of society. Culture consists of abstract patterns of and for living and dying. Such abstract patterns are learned directly or indirectly in social interactions of two or more people. In anthropological theory, there
Within anthropology, the “tree of life” concept can be viewed from either a biological or a cultural perspective. The cultural tree of life is generally linked to religious beliefs and actions. Symbolic reference to trees as sacred entities can be found in Christianity, associated with the Garden of Eden and with the cross of crucifixion.
Cultural conservation refers to systematic efforts to safeguard traditional cultural knowledge, customs, and materials and the natural resources on which they are based. The primary goals of cultural conservation projects are to sustain cultural and ecological diversity within modernizing communities and landscapes, to promote the active engagement of community members in local resource management, and
Cultural relativism, a highly complex doctrine surrounded by various epistemological, political, and ethical controversies, can be broadly defined as the view that culture is the key variable to explain human diversity and that an individual’s behavior, thought, emotion, perception, and sensation are relative to and bound by the culture of the group he or she
Cultural reproduction is frequently considered to describe how cultural forms (e.g., social inequality, privilege, elite status, ethnicity) and cultures themselves are transmitted intact, from one generation to another. This idea emanates strongly from original work by Pierre Bourdieu in the 1970s on the role of the education process in reproducing class inequality and from such
Cultural resistance is the practice of using meanings and symbols, that is, culture, to con test and combat a dominant power, often constructing a different vision of the world in the process. The practice is as old as history. The Hebrew Scriptures, for example, were a cultural means with which to create Jewish identity and
Cultural studies is an interdisciplinary field that explores the linkages between society, politics, identity (or the person), and the full range of what is called ‘‘culture,’’ from high culture and the popular arts or mass entertainment, to beliefs, discourses, and communicative practices. Cultural studies has drawn on different national traditions of inquiry into these connections
Cultural tourism could be defined as tourism that focuses on cultural attractions and activities as a primary motivating factor for travel. Notwithstanding the broad definitions of culture that abound within postmodern and populist writings, parameters need to be drawn around what is defined as ‘‘culture’’ in this context. It is therefore useful to break the
The French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, working with various colleagues, developed the concept of cultural capital in the early 1960s in order to help address a particular empirical problem – namely, the fact that ‘‘economic obstacles are not sufficient to explain’’ disparities in the educational attainment of children from different social classes (Bourdieu & Passeron 1979
Cultural critique is a broad field of study that employs many different theoretical traditions to analyze and critique cultural formations. Because culture is always historically and con textually determined, each era has had to develop its own methods of cultural analysis in order to respond to new technological innovations, new modes of social organization, new
Cultural imperialism is the process and practice of promoting one culture over another. Often this occurs during colonization, where one nation overpowers another country, typically one that is economically disadvantaged and/or militarily weaker. The dominant country then forces its cultural beliefs and practices onto the conquered nation. This has happened since nations have been warring
Cultural studies is a recent, innovative, and interdisciplinary project that has had a significant presence in the field of communication since the late 1970s, as well as in other humanities and social sciences. Cultural studies is concerned with describing and intervening in the ways in which texts, discourses, and other cultural practices are produced within
A topos is a line of argument that can be adapted to a variety of subjects and audiences. Since Aristotle’s time, communicators have used lists of topoi to generate arguments relevant to their persuasive tasks. In addition to introducing the cultural topoi perspective, this article describes a set of topoi that are widely used: cultural
Cultural appropriation describes the use and exploitation by a majority or dominant group, of cultural knowledge or expressions originally produced by a minority or dominated group. It is applied to media and popular communication when ideas, images, sounds, and narratives produced by one group are appropriated for personal, professional, or commercial gain by members of
Cultural Anthropology Definition Cultural anthropology is the study of human patterns of thought and behavior, and how and why these patterns differ, in contemporary societies. Cultural anthropology is sometimes called social anthropology, sociocultural anthropology, or ethnology. Cultural anthropology also includes pursuits such as ethnography, ethnohistory, and cross-cultural research. Cultural anthropology is one of the four
Cultural adaptation is a relatively new concept used to define the specific capacity of human beings and human societies to overcome changes of their natural and social environment by modifications to their culture. The scale of culture changes depends on the extent of habitat changes and could vary from slight modifications in livelihood systems (productive
Sport and exercise psychology has traditionally been understood to consist of a set of skills and theoretical underpinnings distanced from culture. These skills have been taught in postsecondary educational settings and presented in authoritative textbooks. Although readers might not at first recognize what rests beneath the surface of these writings, a closer look suggests that
Over the course of the past 10 years, there has been considerable discussion devoted to multicultural competence within the counseling professions. These discussions are only now beginning to surface within sport and exercise psychology certification. The intent through multicultural training is to provide the intended clients with health services that more closely align with their
Cultural Animal Definition Cultural animal is a term used to refer to human beings. The core idea is that human beings differ from other animals in the extent to which they create, sustain, and participate in culture. There are hundreds of definitions of culture. Howev er, there are several main themes in understanding what culture
Cultural Differences Definition Cultural groups can differ widely in their beliefs about what is true, good, and efficient. The study of cultural differences combines perspectives in psychology and anthropology to understand a society’s signature pattern of beliefs, behavior, and social institutions and how these patterns compare and contrast to those of other cultural groups. Cultural
The term culture has been variously defined, but there is general agreement that, whatever the concept entails, it serves as (1) the “glue” which keeps groups of individuals together as distinct entities, and (2) the means by which individuals adapt to the group and maintain a sense of identity and psychological stability. Cultural disintegration, then
Cultural diversity is a central feature of community psychology. It derives from a general psychological focus on the naturally occurring diversity among people within a context and between groups of people who are a part of different contexts. Implicitly, most theories and practices of psychology have inferred ordinal distinctions among people in a context and
Marshall McLuhan is quoted as saying that ‘‘It’s a cinch fish didn’t discover water.” Just as clearly, psychologists didn‘t discover culture. Any context for human behavior that is so all-encompassing as culture is for the developing individual is likely to be ignored, or if noticed, to be taken for granted. And just as quickly as
Cultural pluralism is a form of cultural diversity in certain countries where cultures can still maintain their unique qualities and combine to form a larger richer whole. In many countries, including the United States, the term multiculturalism is used synonymously or in place of cultural pluralism. According to Newman (1973, p. 29), societies can range
This article delves into cultural variations in health disclosure within the context of health psychology. The introduction establishes the significance of understanding cultural influences on health disclosure, framing the subsequent exploration. The first body section dissects how cultural factors, such as collectivism vs. individualism, communication styles, and stigma around mental health, shape individuals’ willingness to
This article explores the vital concept of cultural competence in the realm of health care within the framework of health psychology. Commencing with a definition, the introduction elucidates the significance of cultural competence in fostering equitable and effective healthcare delivery. The ensuing sections delve into the foundational aspects of cultural competence, tracing its historical evolution
This article explores the pivotal role of cultural tailoring in the realm of health psychology, emphasizing its significance in addressing the diverse needs of populations. Beginning with an overview of cultural diversity’s impact on health beliefs and behaviors, the article delves into theoretical frameworks supporting cultural tailoring, including the Health Belief Model and Social Cognitive
This article delves into the pivotal role of cultural competence in health interventions within the framework of health psychology. The introduction establishes the significance of understanding and integrating cultural competence in diverse healthcare settings. It defines cultural competence, elucidating its core components and principles. The first section, “Cultural Competence in Health Interventions: Understanding Cultural Diversity,”
The article explores the intricate interplay between cultural beliefs and contraceptive practices within the realm of health psychology. Beginning with an overview of health psychology’s significance and the broader context of cultural influences, the thesis contends that cultural beliefs significantly shape individuals’ decisions regarding contraception. Through an extensive literature review, the article delves into the
Cultural accommodation refers to the process by which individuals may take on values and beliefs of the host culture and accommodate them in the public sphere, while maintaining the parent culture in the private sphere. Cultural negotiation refers to the process whereby individuals must navigate two or more cultures that have values, beliefs, and behaviors
Cultural encapsulation is the lack of understanding, or ignorance, of another’s cultural background and the influence this background has on one’s current view of the world. The purpose of this encapsulation, or “cocoon,” is to allow people to protect themselves from the rapid global changes occurring in technology, families, economy, education, and social health. Cultural
It is not uncommon for assessment tools to obtain unintended and unwanted sources of variance—or cultural bias—that lead to test results that are not easy to accurately interpret across cultures. Cultural equivalencies reflect a body of research methods that can be used to minimize cultural bias and measurement error in the development and/or adaptation of
Cultural mistrust is an adaptive attitudinal stance in which a person of color is suspicious and guarded toward European Americans, particularly European American authority figures. It is adaptive in that if one accepts the contention that the current social paradigm is inherently racist, then a person of color cannot assume that a European American person
The concept of “cultural paranoia” was first introduced by William H. Grier and Price M. Cobbs in their 1968 book Black Rage. These two Black psychiatrists explained that this condition is not a form of psychopathology, but instead is a healthy and adaptive response by African Americans to their historical and contemporary experiences of racial
Cultural relativism maintains the view that all cultures are equal in value and therefore should not be judged on the basis of another cultural perspective. The cultural values and beliefs connected to religious, ethical, normative behaviors, customs, and political tenets are specific to the individuals within a given human society. Culture is considered to be
Culture is a pattern of responding to basic needs for food, shelter, clothing, family organization, religion, government, and social structures. Culture can be further described as discrete behaviors, traditions, habits, or customs that are shared and can be observed, as well as the sum total of ideas, beliefs, customs, knowledge, material artifacts, and values that
Stereotyping represents a category-driven, formulaic, and oversimplified process of making broad-brush suppositions and generalizations about a group of people to whom specified sets of characteristics are attributed. The characteristics ascribed to identified groups can be positive, neutral, or negative and can be originated and sustained relatively easily when there are clearly visible and discernibly observable
This article explores the intricate interplay between cultural influences and treatment-seeking behavior within the realm of health psychology. Beginning with an insightful introduction to health psychology and the significance of understanding treatment-seeking behavior, the article explores the multifaceted ways cultural factors shape perceptions of health and illness. It meticulously examines the impact of cultural norms
This article explores the complex relationship between cultural variations and social support systems within the realm of health psychology. The introduction establishes the significance of social support, setting the stage for an exploration of cultural influences on perceived social support, social support networks, and coping strategies. The first body section scrutinizes cultural nuances in perceived
This article explores the pivotal role of cultural competence in the realm of STD prevention programs within the field of health psychology. The introduction elucidates the definition and paramount importance of cultural competence, emphasizing its significance in tailoring interventions for diverse populations. The first section explores the landscape of STDs, elucidating their prevalence, incidence, and
This article explores the intricate interplay between cultural differences and the experience of symptoms within the realm of health psychology. The introduction establishes the significance of cultural nuances in shaping individuals’ perceptions of symptoms and highlights the overarching goal of the article. The first section explores the cultural influences on symptom perception, emphasizing the impact
This article explores the crucial realm of health psychology by exploring the complex interplay between cultural perspectives and smoking prevention. Grounded in the definition of health psychology, the narrative unfolds with an exploration of cultural factors that significantly shape smoking behavior. Drawing attention to the influence of cultural norms, socioeconomic factors, and cultural identity, the
This article explores the interplay between cultural aspects and patient adherence in the realm of health psychology. The introduction provides a foundational understanding of patient adherence, underscoring the critical importance of integrating cultural considerations into this multifaceted phenomenon. The first section delves into the intricate tapestry of cultural influences on health beliefs and practices, elucidating
This health psychology article explores the intricate interplay between cultural contexts and meditation practices, delving into both Eastern traditions and Western adaptations. The introduction outlines the significance of meditation in health psychology and introduces the diversity inherent in these contemplative practices. The subsequent sections meticulously examine the cultural influences on meditation, discussing specific techniques from
This article explores the intricate interplay between cultural differences and stress perception and management within the realm of health psychology. Beginning with an elucidation of stress as a multifaceted psychological and physiological response, the exploration moves towards the paramount significance of understanding how cultural contexts shape stress perception. The narrative unfolds through an analysis of
This article explores the pivotal role of cultural considerations in the domain of risk screening within health psychology. The introduction delineates the background of risk screening and underscores the significance of integrating cultural factors into this process. The first section elucidates the profound influence of culture on health perceptions and behaviors, emphasizing cultural norms, values
This article explores the critical role of cultural competency in the realm of health psychology and its profound impact on effective health promotion. The introduction provides an overview of health psychology’s significance in promoting well-being, setting the stage for a thorough examination of cultural competency as a conceptual framework in the first section. Delving into
This article explores the role of cultural competence in patient-provider interactions within the realm of health psychology. Commencing with a foundational overview, the introduction delineates the significance and definition of cultural competence, emphasizing its critical implications for enhanced health outcomes. Subsequently, the exploration of cultural competence unfolds across three distinct dimensions: Understanding Cultural Competence elucidates
This article explores the pivotal role of cultural competency in psychotherapy within the realm of health psychology. Beginning with a foundational understanding of cultural competency, the article delves into its multifaceted components, emphasizing the necessity for therapists to possess awareness, knowledge, and skills to effectively engage with diverse cultural backgrounds. Drawing from theoretical frameworks such
This article explores the intricate relationship between cultural and societal factors and suicide rates, offering a comprehensive exploration within the realm of health psychology. The introduction highlights the critical significance of understanding suicide rates, emphasizing the need to dissect the multifaceted influences that culture and society exert on individual and collective mental health. The first
This article explores the interplay between cultural factors and expressions of optimism within the domain of health psychology. Beginning with an elucidation of optimism’s significance in health contexts, the introduction underscores the imperative to investigate cultural nuances shaping psychological well-being. The first section delves into the cultural foundations of optimism, discerning variations in perceptions and
This article delves into the critical intersection of cultural considerations and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment within the realm of health psychology. The introduction establishes the significance of understanding cultural influences on the manifestation and prevalence of PTSD, setting the stage for an exploration. The first section examines cultural variations in symptom expression and factors
This article delves into the critical intersection of the Health Belief Model (HBM) and cultural adaptations within the realm of health psychology. Beginning with an overview of the foundational elements of the HBM, including perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy, the discussion explores the historical development and previous successes of the