Career education refers to both a historical education reform movement and an evolving concept that reflects a process of bringing occupational relevance to academic curriculum and informing adolescents about themselves and the world of work. As a reform movement in the 1970s, U.S. Commissioner of Education, Sidney P. Marland Jr., initiated and sustained an effort
Journalism education is instruction for work in the news departments of media organizations, both print and electronic. The instruction can take place before journalists enter the workforce, during early employment, and at later career stages. It can involve practical training in the skills of the journalist and broader education about the context of that work.
Vocational education in its broadest sense prepares individuals for their primary adult activity, usually paid employment. Preparation for entry into an established occupation such as the law, nursing, construction, or teaching usually presupposes a sustained engagement with it over a period of years. Vocational education will have, as one of its primary objectives, preparation for
Intercultural education may be viewed as an application of cultural anthropology to the design and implementation of formal educational curricula, largely in prebaccalaureate programs. Its goal is to instill in students an appreciation of other cultures so as to offset a dogmatic and unproductive ethnocentric worldview. In an interconnected world where the capability to deal
Cooperative education is a structured educational model in which students alternate between periods of classroom study on campus and periods of paid work at job sites away from campus. Cooperative education relates to career development because it is a means of career exploration that is a comprehensive intervention, including self-assessment, feedback, general and specific information
Something like 25 percent of US university students currently major in business or management, and in the UK, 30 percent of under graduates study some management. Elsewhere, business and management education is expanding its scope. A Chinese government minister is said to have recently called for a million MBA (Master of Business Administration) graduates to
Changes in developed economies and societies stemming from the Industrial Revolution have shifted responsibilities for the education of young people from the family and community to schools. Schools are now a major institution, educating the vast majority of children and youth in the developed world and functioning as a primary engine of change in developing
The relation between education and economy is interdependent and reciprocal. Education is a form of human capital, an intangible form of accumulated capital stock, which includes level and dispersion of education as well as those of applied and basic research. It has many measurable forms, including years of aggregate schooling, rates of enrollment, public education
Perhaps because so much adult education takes place outside the boundaries of formal educational institutions, sociologists have devoted less scholarly attention to adult education than they have to most other kinds of schooling. There is little agreement on the boundaries of adult education and no clear consensus on a definition that specifies what is included
The term bilingual education is used to refer to a variety of different language programs in schools with different goals and methods. These programs range from those that transition minority language students to the majority language as quickly as possible, to programs that build or maintain high level proficiency in a second language through teaching
Education Careers Background American colonists first began establishing elementary schools for their children in the early 17th century. These schools were private, and only the wealthiest families could afford to enroll students in them. The main purpose of these early schools was to teach the students religion due to its major role in colonial life.
In the broadest perspective, education refers to all efforts to impart knowledge and shape values; hence, it has essentially the same meaning as socialization. However, when sociologists speak of education, they generally use a more specific meaning: the deliberate process, outside the family, by which societies transmit knowledge, values, and norms to prepare young people
Entertainment education is defined as the “process of purposely designing and implementing a media message to both entertain and educate, in order to increase audience members’ knowledge about an educational issue, create favorable attitudes, shift social norms, and change over behavior” (Singhal & Rogers 2004, 5). Parables, fables, and morality plays have been used for
Human beings are curious by nature. In that way, we are all anthropologists in the sense that we possess the universal trait of “curiosity.” From the time that a child asks his mother, “Where did I come from?” human beings question why we were made, why we were born, and where we will go. We
Physical education (PE) teachers instruct students in kindergarten through grade 12 about physical fitness and health. They may organize physical education programs for an entire school or just a few classes. PE teachers make up only a small percentage of the approximately 3.8 million teachers employed in the United States. In the United States, organized
Because the ability to communicate is considered a major – perhaps even the primary – defining characteristic of humanity, people assume that, throughout human history, elders have taught the young this essential survival skill. Despite agreement on the importance of learning to communicate, there is no consensus about the particular goals of communication education or
Distance education refers to teaching and learning that occurs when students and teachers are in different physical and/or geographic locations. Although many people believe that distance education is a recent development made possible by the Internet, it actually began in the late 1800s. Distance education has its roots in correspondence courses, which began around 1870.
Social scientists and educational researchers paid relatively little attention to issues of gender and education until the 1970s, when questions emerged concerning equity in girls’ and women’s access to education across the world. Researchers documented a link between increasing rates of female education in developing countries and a subsequent decline in fertility rates (e.g., Boserup
In recent years, it has become increasingly common for children to be enrolled in preschool education programs for one or more years before the traditional starting age for primary school. According to data from the World Bank, during 2010, 48.3% of preprimary-age children were enrolled in school, a rate that was just 34.1% a decade
Special education teachers teach students ages 3 to 21 who have a variety of disabilities. They design individualized education plans and work with students one-on-one to help them learn academic subjects and life skills. Approximately 441,000 special education teachers are employed in the United States, mostly in public schools. Modern special education traces its origins
In the course of development, few processes are as intertwined with economic growth as human capital accumulation. Schooling makes workers more productive, speeds the development of new technologies, and better equips parents to raise skilled children, all of which promote economic growth. Growth, in turn, incentivizes investment in human capital. Causal links point in every
Urban education has been the subject of ongoing discussions in the US, with policies aimed at urban school improvement vigorously debated over the last 40 years. Since the 1960s, as cities became increasingly poor and populated by minority groups, urban schools have reflected the problems associated with poverty. Although rural and many suburban schools have
In their seminal 1965 study, Kitagawa and Hauser documented that mortality in the US fell with education. Since then a very large number of studies have confirmed that the well-educated enjoy longer lives: for example, in 1980, individuals with some college education at the age of 25 years could expect to live another 54.4 years
Learning is a lifelong experience. From the moment we are born, we begin to learn ways to communicate with others to fulfill basic needs for food, warmth, and attention. Through our early interactions with our families, we begin to learn what works (a baby will cry when it needs food), what does not (a toddler’s
This article explores the vital intersection of diabetes education and behavioral change within the realm of health psychology. Beginning with an introduction to diabetes and its widespread impact, the discussion emphasizes the critical role of behavioral change in effective diabetes management. The article delves into three key sections: theoretical frameworks, components of effective diabetes education
This article explores the pivotal role of patient education in the management of renal diseases from a health psychology perspective. Beginning with an elucidation of renal disease and its pervasive impact on overall health, the article emphasizes the importance of empowering patients through knowledge. The first section delves into a nuanced understanding of renal disease
Continuing education for individuals in the counseling professions is often required for maintenance of licensure or certification status. Agencies that offer licensing or certification for counselors include state organizations, professional associations, and specialty or national affiliations. The term counselors applies to persons who are licensed or have received specialized training in mental health fields such
In the current digital age, information is available in greater volumes and with faster access than in any prior time in history. Harnessing this information effectively can be a challenge and an opportunity for counseling educators and students. Technological innovations are changing the educational environment and allowing for a wide array of flexible education opportunities.
This article delves into the critical intersection of health psychology, contraception education, and behavior change. Beginning with an exploration of psychological factors influencing contraceptive behavior, it elucidates the significance of accurate knowledge, attitudes, perceived barriers and benefits, as well as social and cultural influences in shaping contraceptive decisions. Drawing on key behavior change theories, such
This article explores the intersection of health psychology and atherosclerosis, emphasizing the critical role of patient education in managing this cardiovascular condition. Beginning with an elucidation of atherosclerosis and its significance, the article delves into its pathophysiology and associated risk factors, highlighting the intricate interplay of genetic predisposition, lifestyle choices, and comorbidities. The psychological impact
This article on Individualized Education Plan (IEP) in school psychology, offers a comprehensive exploration of the pivotal role of IEPs in the realm of education. Beginning with a historical and legal context, it delves into the intricacies of IEP development, emphasizing the collaborative efforts of educators, parents, and school psychologists. It elucidates the essential components
This article on Individualized Education Plan (IEP) meetings delves into the cornerstone of special education, providing an understanding of the IEP process. Beginning with its historical context and significance, the article explores the meticulous steps involved in IEP meetings, encompassing preparation, conduct, documentation, and post-meeting actions. It delves into the challenges and ethical considerations educators
Multicultural education is a vital response to the increasing cultural diversity in contemporary societies. This article explores the historical development and theoretical foundations of multicultural education, highlighting the pivotal role of cultural competence and identity in the learning process. It explores strategies for implementing multicultural education in schools, addressing both its benefits, such as academic
This article offers an exploration of the U.S. Department of Education (DOE), its historical origins, organizational structure, and profound impact on the American education system. Delving into the DOE’s establishment within the broader historical context of U.S. educational policy, it illuminates the agency’s pivotal role in shaping educational initiatives. From its various offices and functions
This article on parent education and parent training delves into the pivotal role of these practices within the realm of psychology. Beginning with a historical perspective, it traces the evolution of parent education and training, highlighting the contributions of early pioneers and key historical developments. The article explores the underpinning theoretical frameworks, incorporating cognitive, behavioral
Special education has been through many stages of reform. By the 1970s, the need for safeguarding students with disabilities from erroneous or permanent special education placements gave way to the development of service contracts–individualized education programs. These documents, or IEPs, gave families protection from schools and made educators accountable for the services they offer children
At the beginning of the 21st century, colleges and universities in the United States are among the most visible and highly regarded in the world—providing individuals from all walks of life the opportunity to pursue higher education. From the founding of Harvard College in 1636 to the present, the twin pillars of change and innovation
The use of the term career education varies across both time and context. In its broadest sense the term refers to educational activities in formal and tertiary education contexts, which aim to foster and enhance learners’ knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values related to occupations and the concept of career development over the life span. In
This article explores the pivotal role of patient education in mitigating procedure-related stress within the realm of health psychology. Grounded in established stress and coping models, such as Lazarus and Folkman’s Transactional Model, the theoretical framework elucidates the cognitive appraisal processes inherent in the experience of procedure-related stress. The exposition explores the multifaceted impact of
This article delves into the role of patient education and adherence in the realm of health psychology, recognizing their profound impact on healthcare outcomes. In the introductory section, we offer a contextual backdrop to health psychology and emphasize the paramount importance of understanding and promoting patient education and adherence. The subsequent sections meticulously explore the
This article in the field of health psychology explores the relationship between nutrition education and behavior change, emphasizing the critical role this connection plays in promoting overall health and well-being. The introduction delineates the significance of nutrition education within health psychology and outlines the article’s purpose, while delving into the theoretical foundations, including the Health