Recognizing the difficulties that an increasing number of workers face when they combine job with family responsibilities, many lawmakers and activists fought for and won the passage of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1993. Moving beyond prior legislation that allowed maternity leave, the FMLA mandates that employers provide up to 12 weeks
Intimate talk with family and friends can be examined as a product, process, or resource. It is a product of a relationship that has become intimate over time. This is the focus of studies involving social penetration (Altman & Taylor 1973) or social exchange theories (Thibaut & Kelley 1959), which find that as one person
Family background and careers are robust constructs, each of which subsumes a complex network of conditions and behaviors. They are interconnected; that is, the definition of one construct in isolation is somewhat limited because it depends on the other construct for complete meaning. The workings of a career are embedded within the workings of the
The nuclear family is one type of conjugal, or marriage-based, family, consisting of a husband, wife, and their children who reside together. Characteristics of the nuclear family that set it apart from some other family types is that it contains only two generations and that it contains a married couple. A single-parent family is considered
Although efforts toward a cross-cultural definition of family are beset by difficulty and disagreement, in anthropological writings, different congregations of kin and affines (i.e., people related through marriage) have been labeled as specific forms of family, changing as new theories of kinship, marriage, or gender have been developed. It has been shown that great social
Extended families, more so than nuclear families, are characterized by great variation in type and form. The term extended family is usually applied to family systems where the ideal is for multiple generations to live together, so that a man and his wife live with the families of their married sons (or daughters in a
The concept of the life course refers to the social processes shaping individuals’ journey through life, in particular their interaction with major institutions associated with the family, work, education, and leisure. The life course perspective distinguishes between trajectories on the one side and transitions on the other. The former refer to the sequence of roles
European societies during the nineteenth century underwent massive changes. The old social order anchored in kinship, the village, the community, religion, and old regimes was attacked and fell to the twin forces of industrialism and revolutionary democracy. The sweeping changes had particular effect on the family. There was a dramatic increase in such conditions as
Since the late 1970s the topic of family migration has increasingly been examined by sociologists, geographers, economists, and demographers. Studies of family migration have clearly become a wide ranging, interdisciplinary endeavor, with discussions cross cutting the social sciences. Although family migration occurs at many geographic scales, from the neighborhood to the global, academic discourses within
Many societies have made the transition from high mortality and large family sizes to settings where most children survive, small families are desired, and most people control their fertility. In the early 1960s, the average woman could expect to have almost five children over her life, but now she can expect to have fewer than
Within any society there are more or less common ways of ‘‘doing’’ family relationships. That is, there are ways of organizing family relationships which are broadly accepted as appropriate and given legitimacy in that society. This does not mean that all family relationships are similar or that all follow the same societally imposed ‘‘rules.’’ There
The implications of family structure for child wellbeing have been a central topic of research for several decades. In its simplest form, it is the comparison between two parent and one parent families that is the root of concern for child wellbeing. Children who live with two married parents are defined in most government statistics
Family theory consists of sets of propositions that attempt to explain some aspect of family life. Theorizing involves making general statements about some phenomenon, and an important characteristic of family theory, therefore, is that it involves a degree of abstraction from reality. Theoretical statements are abstract statements employing concepts that refer to things in the
Family therapy is a clinical approach to treating mental health and relationship problems based on the assumption that dysfunction can best be understood and treated by examining the social context in which it exists. Emerging as an identifiable ‘‘field’’ in the 1950s, family therapy was, and continues to be, characterized by attention to the interaction
From the earliest days of sociology, family and community have been central concerns of the discipline. The dense interpenetration of these two dimensions of life was associated in particular with simple societies. This is especially evident in the work of early social thinkers such as the German Ferdinand Tonnies and the Frenchman Frederick Le Play.
Although present since the nineteenth century, particularly in Marxist thinking (more specifically in Engels’s work), interest in family conflict within the sociology of family only really developed as a theme during the 1960s and 1970s. In the 1950s the dominant functionalist perspective tended to analyze the family in terms of internal equilibrium and its complementarity
Sociology of family is the area devoted to the study of family as an institution central to social life. The basic assumptions of the area include the universality of family, the inevitable variation of family forms, and the necessity of family for integrating individuals into social worlds. Family sociology is generally concerned with the formation
Family demography is a subfield of demography and is the study of the changing nature of intergenerational and gender ties that bind individuals into households and family units. The core of family demography uses basic demo graphic information collected about household members, including the numbers of members, their relationships to each other, and each per
Family living arrangements in the US and throughout much of the world are consider ably more diverse, pluralistic, and fluid than they were just a few decades ago. We have witnessed profound demographic changes, including longer life expectancy, postponed marriage and childbearing, dramatic increases in both childbearing and childrearing outside of marriage, and substantial growth
Gender, work, and family is the study of the intersection of work and family, with a focus on how those intersections vary by gender. This research is motivated in large part by the tremendous growth in labor force participation among women in their childbearing years during the second half of the twentieth century. This influx
The family is a complex unit comprised of individuals with varied cognitive, emotional, and behavioral characteristics and abilities that can greatly affect family decision-making across an individual’s life-span. “Decision-making” describes the process by which families make choices, judgments, and ultimately come to conclusions that guide behaviors. Family decision-making implies that more than one member’s input
Communication patterns in families refer to repeated interaction styles and behaviors. A single family member’s communication behaviors over time can be patterned, but family communication scholars tend to focus on patterns among family members. Family relationships are typically involuntary and long-lasting (Vangelisti 1993). One usually cannot choose one’s siblings, for instance, and sibling relationships –
This article explores the pivotal role of family support in diabetes care within the framework of health psychology. Beginning with an overview of diabetes types, the introduction emphasizes the profound impact of this chronic condition on individuals and families, setting the stage for an examination of the vital significance of familial involvement in diabetes management.
This article explores the intricate interplay between family dynamics and bulimia nervosa within the framework of health psychology. Beginning with an introduction that defines and contextualizes bulimia, the article highlights the significance of understanding familial influences on the development and maintenance of this eating disorder. The first section delves into genetic and family environmental factors
This article delves into the intricate interplay between family dynamics and the process of injury recovery within the realm of health psychology. The introduction provides a contextual background, emphasizing the pervasive impact of injuries on individuals and their families. Following a discussion on the disruptive influence of injuries on established family roles and routines, the
The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), which is intended to balance the demands of the workplace with the needs of families, became effective for most employers in August 1993. The passage of the FMLA represented a legislative reaction to dramatic changes in the U.S. workforce that had taken place over the previous 40 years.
This article explores the intricate relationship between family dynamics and alcoholism within the realm of health psychology. The introduction elucidates the fundamental concepts of family dynamics and alcoholism, emphasizing the necessity of studying their intersection. The first section delves into the profound impact of alcoholism on family dynamics, elucidating the psychological repercussions on family members
Family counseling, a vital domain within the field of psychology, encompasses an array of theoretical frameworks, therapeutic techniques, and ethical considerations. This article delves into the multifaceted landscape of family counseling, commencing with an exploration of its theoretical foundations, encompassing systemic and narrative approaches. It subsequently delves into the practical realm of family counseling, detailing
Most Americans live in nuclear families, which consist of parent(s) and unmarried children, or simply two adults related by marriage or equivalent partnership. At the same time, most Americans recognize other family members outside their nuclear families. They may be grandparents, uncles and aunts, married siblings, cousins, nephews and nieces, married children, grandchildren, or in-laws.
Family size exerts an extremely strong and broad influence on development. The influence is strong in the sense that the effects are long-lasting. It is broad in the sense that it has an impact on many aspects of development, including both cognitive ability and extracognitive (e.g., personality) tendencies. The influence of family size is especially
Family counseling may be beneficial when a family member or several members of the family experience difficulties with communication, balancing home and work, the loss of a family member, trauma, divorce conflicts, issues in blended or remarried families, family violence, substance abuse, or behavioral or school problems in children. Family counselors practice in community mental
This article delves into the intricate dynamics within families undergoing the challenging process of organ transplantation, examining the emotional and relational shifts that occur pre and post-transplantation. The first section explores the impact of organ transplantation on family relationships, elucidating the heightened anxiety and altered communication patterns that often accompany the anticipation of the procedure.
This article delves into the role of family support in the effective management of Panic Disorder within the realm of health psychology. Beginning with an exploration of Panic Disorder and its prevalence, the introduction underscores the significance of social support in mental health, paving the way for a detailed investigation into the impact of family
This article delves into the intricate interplay between family dynamics and hereditary diseases within the realm of health psychology. The introduction sets the stage by highlighting the significance of understanding how familial interactions influence the manifestation and management of genetic conditions. The first section elucidates the fundamentals of genetics and hereditary diseases, elucidating inheritance patterns
This article on family involvement in Rehabilitation explores the pivotal role that families play in the physical and mental health recovery processes. The introduction sets the stage by defining the concept and emphasizing its significance in healthcare. The first section delves into the influence of family dynamics on physical rehabilitation, highlighting the essential support systems
This article explores the complex interplay between family dynamics and health outcomes within the realm of health psychology. The introduction sets the stage by defining family dynamics and emphasizing its profound significance in shaping individual well-being. The first section explores the influence of family structure on health, examining various family configurations and presenting research findings
This article in the field of health psychology explores the pivotal role of family support during medical procedures. The introduction delineates the essence of health psychology and underscores the significance of family support within this domain. The first section explores the profound impact of family support on patient well-being, examining emotional, instrumental, and informational dimensions.
This article delves into the pivotal role of family therapy in the context of pediatric psychological conditions within the realm of health psychology. The introduction elucidates the significance of familial dynamics in the overall well-being of pediatric populations, setting the stage for a detailed exploration of Family Therapy as an effective intervention. The first section