Health

Utilities for Health States – Health Economics – iResearchNet

For use in cost-utility or cost-effectiveness analysis (CUA or CEA), evaluations of health outcomes in terms of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) require judgments of the quality of life in different health states. The quality of life of a state is often referred to as its ‘individual utility.’ There are two main sources for estimating a state’s

Techniques for Valuing Health States – Health Economics – iResearchNet

Cost-effectiveness analyses of health interventions and policies are often conducted using quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) as the metric for quantifying health outcomes. A related metric called disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) has been used to assess the burden of disease attributable to different causes as well as in cost-effectiveness analyses, especially those in low and middle-income settings.

Willingness to Pay for Health – Health Economics – iResearchNet

The ‘willingness to pay’ (WTP) method was first applied in the health area in the famous study of WTP to avoid heart attacks, by Acton (1973). WTP for health is an issue in individual (personal) and societal (public) decision making about health care. The term usually refers to individuals’ willingness to spend money personally, i.e.

Health Labor Markets in Developing Countries – iResearchNet

Health workers are at the center of health systems, and the health workforce plays a key role in increasing access to health services for populations in developing countries. There are numerous challenges in this critical area of health policy in developing countries. At the global level, a 2006 World Health Organization analysis found that an

Health Services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries – iResearchNet

A total of 7.6 million children and 287 000 mothers (2010 data) die every year, and approximately 95% of these deaths occurred in 75 countries with the highest burden of maternal and child deaths. Of these, more than two-thirds could be avoided if everyone had access to known effective interventions. Making such interventions available is

Nutrition, Health, and Economic Performance – iResearchNet

Health and nutrition outcomes are critical to the well-being of households and individuals and their economic productivity and prosperity. Although it seems evident that a debilitated worker will be less productive, there are numerous indirect, subtle, and complex pathways that link poor health and nutrition to economic output, such as sick children, or children of

Pricing and User Fees – Health Economics – iResearchNet

Governments throughout the world intervene in the health sector. One motivation is that under Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights access to adequate healthcare is a fundamental human right. A second motivation is that the health sector is subject to many market failures, due to, for example, consumption externalities, imperfect information, and

Health Benefits Of The 5:2 Diet – Diet Plans – Lifestyle

Most of the people trying the 5:2 Diet aren’t usually looking for mental clarity or spiritual awareness, because those goals involve a different type of fasting technique. The main reason people embark on the 5:2 Diet is to lose weight or to get healthier. There are many health improvements associated with intermittent fasting that you

Need for Health and Health Care – Health Economics – iResearchNet

Introduction Any society must come to a decision concerning the allocation of health resources, of which access to medical services, or health care, is the clearest focal point. For many theorists and ordinary citizens health care services are a ‘special’ type of good that should not be distributed on the market-based principle of ability to

Impact of Income Inequality on Health – Health Economics – iResearchNet

Introduction: What Are Health Inequalities? Health inequalities are observed in all societies. Although some inequalities may be considered unavoidable, resulting from sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender, and genes, many of these health inequalities are associated with socioeconomic characteristics that are potentially amenable to policy interventions and could be considered as avoidable. In Europe, measuring

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