Occupational health nurses are registered nurses who care for people in the workplace. Although they treat illnesses, injuries, and health problems, they are also involved with safety and health issues and prevention programs. An occupational health nurse may be an employee of a business, institution, or corporation or may be self-employed on a contract or
Although the biotech industry is a relatively new source of medical therapies – its first new drug approvals came in the early 1980s – it has recently become a major source of drug industry growth and innovation. New biological entities (NBEs) have a significantly higher likelihood of being a first-in-class or novel introduction compared with
There is widespread acceptance of the idea that ‘‘sport is good for health.’’ The ideology linking health and sports has a long history and the promotion and maintenance of the health of schoolchildren has long been an area of concern to physical educators in Europe and America. Outline Exercise, Sport, and Health The Epidemiology of
This article addresses the distinctive challenges of planning, financing, implementing, and evaluating public health policies in low- and middle-income countries. By public health is meant the science and art of promoting and protecting health and well-being, preventing ill-health and prolonging life through the organized efforts of society. A key feature of low and middle-income countries
The origins of public health can be found in ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. Many of the prominent themes in the writings of that era, such as Airs, Waters, and Places from the Hippocratic corpus, have echoes in today’s major concerns about how one can have health amid both climate change and an increasing burden
A fair society should give individuals equal opportunities to realize their own life project. Health is of utmost importance for the flourishing of individuals. It seems, therefore, self-evident that inequality in health should get an important place on the fairness agenda. Yet, this seemingly obvious statement raises difficult issues. First, is all inequality in health
Throughout the nineteenth century in the western world, home health care (HHC) existed to care for new mothers and those with infectious diseases. In the mid-twentieth century, HHC began to transform, as the proportion of older people in the general population steadily increased and with it the need for care for chronic degenerative diseases. The
Long-term care is a set of services delivered over a sustained period of time to people who lack some degree of functional capacity. Put alternatively, long-term care is the help needed to cope, and sometimes to survive, when physical and cognitive disabilities impair the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL), such as eating
Recent work in economics suggests that adverse health shocks experienced in utero can have long-lasting effects. Studies have linked fetal health to a variety of outcomes in adulthood, such as schooling, labor market activity, and mortality. These studies have also identified a broad array of ‘nurture shocks,’ including ambient pollution levels, infectious disease, and mild
The idea of paying people to engage in healthy activities, and to refrain from unhealthy ones, gained some traction in the health policy discourse in several developed and developing countries toward the end of the 2000s. The concept itself is simple and is informed by one of the most basic features of standard economics, the