Observational techniques, a cornerstone of the qualitative research paradigm, can be divided into two main categories: participant and naturalistic observation. Naturalistic observation is a method of collecting information in a setting in which the behavior of interest occurs, typically unbeknownst to the targets of observation. Naturalistic observation is often used by ethnographers examining cultural behavior
Behavioral observation is a widely used method of behavioral assessment. Unlike other methods of behavioral assessment, most of which rely on people’s perceptions of behavior, behavioral observation involves watching and recording the behavior of a person in typical environments (e.g., classrooms). The assumption is therefore that data collected are more objective than are perceptions. Most
Classroom observation, a cornerstone of school psychology, offers vital insights into student experiences. This article explores its historical roots, theoretical foundations, methods, and applications. Classroom observation’s role in assessment and intervention, benefits, challenges, and ethical considerations are discussed. Emerging trends and technological advancements underscore its continued relevance in school psychology. Introduction Definition and Significance of