Operational

Formal Operational Period

The formal operational period is the fourth stage of Jean Piaget’s cognitive developmental theory. Formal operations incorporate, extend, and complete prior cognitive growth. Individuals begin to demonstrate formal operational characteristics between ages 11 and 15. In each stage, behavior is internalized into cognitive structures or schemes, thereby becoming repeatable and cognitively reversible. Individuals in the

Concrete Operational Period

The concrete operational period is the third period in Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. Piagetian periods occur in invariant order. Thus, a child must pass through the sensorimotor and preoperational periods before entering the concrete operational period and must pass through the concrete operational period before entering the formal operational period. Although exact ages