This article delves into the pivotal concept of due process within the realm of school psychology. Due process, rooted in constitutional and legal principles, is explored through its historical evolution, the constitutional basis of the Fourteenth and Fifth Amendments, and the role of the Supreme Court in shaping educational due process. The practical application of
Dual Process Theories Definition Dual process theories are a group of theories in social, personality, and cognitive psychology that describe how people think about information when they make judgments or solve problems. These theories are called dual process because they distinguish two basic ways of thinking about information: a relatively fast, superficial, spontaneous mode based
Opponent Process Theory Definition Richard L. Solomon’s opponent process theory of emotions—also commonly referred to as the opponent process theory of acquired motivation—contends that the primary or initial reaction to an emotional event (State A) will be followed by an opposite secondary emotional state (State B). In other words, a stimulus that initially inspires displeasure
Process and outcome research are two interconnected research methodologies that identify the processes that go on in counseling sessions and the effectiveness of these processes in outcomes for clients. Specifically, process research identifies the counseling variables involved in client change, while outcome research identifies the actual changes that occur. Moreover, following the definition of psychotherapy