The operant conditioning or reinforcement theory of B. F. Skinner is one of the major psychological theories concerned with motivation at work. Unique in the social sciences, it identifies two of its major concepts according to the time at which they occur: (1) antecedents, such as communicating company policy, providing training, and setting goals, which
This article delves into the concept of schedules of reinforcement in the field of school psychology. Schedules of reinforcement are fundamental principles derived from behavioral psychology that hold profound significance for understanding and shaping student behavior in educational settings. This article explores the different types of schedules of reinforcement, their applications in school psychology, and
Reinforcement and punishment are common verbal and nonverbal responses to successes and failures in sport, exercise, and rehabilitation contexts. These practices may be best understood in the context of operant conditioning. This entry defines reinforcement and punishment, reviews evidence of their frequency in sport, identifies their motivational implications, and reviews mechanisms for those effects. Response