Relationships

Supervisor–Subordinate Relationships

Hierarchy is a defining characteristic of organizations. The earliest formal theories of organization – bureaucratic theory and administrative management – held hierarchy at the core of management processes, emphasizing chain of command, order, control, and discipline. These processes occur in the context of supervisor–subordinate relationships. Supervisor–subordinate relationships are workplace relationships in which one partner (the

Two-Career Relationships

Two-career relationships, also referred to as dual-career families, represent a unique variation of the larger category of two-wage relationships or dual-earner families. This entry begins with a definition of two-career relationships and how this family form differs from the larger category of dual-earner families. Described next are factors related to its emergence and increased prevalence

Long-Distance Relationships

Relationships are considered long-distance when opportunities for communication are restricted due to geographic constraints. Long-distance relationships (LDRs) are of interest given the implicit assumption in much interpersonal scholarship that relationships without frequent face-to-face contact are not as “close” as those with such contact (Stafford & Merolla 2007). LDRs exist in opposition to norms for shared

Online Relationships

Online relationships may form using real-time chats or email from associations originating in listservs, chatrooms, interactive games, social networking sites, and many other social venues on the Internet. They may be limited to a single encounter or they may involve repeated interaction over time. They may be conducted exclusively online or involve additional media, including

Dating Relationships

Dating relationships have no uniform defining characteristics. They have romantic or sexual overtones, occur between two people who are not married to each other or to anyone else, typically do not share a residence, have not formally acknowledged plans to marry, and may or may not expect continued involvement. These relationships vary in expectations for

Interethnic Relationships in Families

Historically, family scholarship has been guided by a Eurocentric perspective including the notion that families are ethnically homogeneous. Over the last few decades, a shift in social acceptance of interethnic relationships coupled with changes in national laws (e.g., a 1967 US Supreme Court ruling abolished the last legal barrier to interracial marriages) has resulted in

Sibling Relationships During Old Age

A growing interest in old siblings reflects the potential increase in their importance at a time when union dissolution is high and birth rates low. For many subjects, a definition merely begins the story. In the case of older siblings, defining the term and exploring different types of sibship remain compelling research challenges. Traditional definitions

Organization–Public Relationships

Over the years, academics and practitioners have worked to define public relations by what it accomplishes, the role it plays in society. One attempt at positioning the practice, and research about the practice, features the impact public relations can have on the quality of the relationship between each organization and its key publics, a theme

Friendships and Peer Relationships

Peers  have  a  particularly  powerful  social  influence  on  youth  development,  particularly  during adolescence.  Positive  peer  interactions  can  help adolescents acquire a range of skills, attitudes, and behaviors.  In  sport  settings,  high  levels  of  peer support  and  quality  friendships  have  been  associated  with  higher  ratings  of  sport  enjoyment, commitment,  intrinsic  motivation,  and  perceived competence. Definitions Alan 

Attention–Performance Relationships

The desire to perform as well as possible in situations with a high degree of (personally felt) importance  is  thought  to  create  performance  pressure. Paradoxically,  despite  the  fact  that  performance pressure often results from aspirations to function at one’s best, pressure-packed situations are where major  performance  failures  may  be  most  visible. The term choking under

Close Relationships

Close Relationships Definition Why are we attracted to some people? How do people know they are in good relationships? Why do people fall in love? Does good communication really produce successful relationships? Are men really from Mars and women from Venus? These are just some of the intriguing questions that social psychologists attempt to answer.

Communal Relationships

Communal Relationships Definition Communal relationships are those where an individual assumes responsibility for the welfare of his or her partner. In these relationships, when the partner has a specific need, wants support in striving toward a goal, would enjoy being included in an activity, or simply could use the reassurance of care, the other partner

Exchange Relationships

The defining characteristic of an exchange relationship is that benefits are given with the expectation of receiving a comparable benefit in return or in repayment for a comparable benefit received in the past. When exchange rules are followed appropriately, each relationship member considers the exchange to be fair. Relationships between customers and storeowners often exemplify

Intergenerational Relationships

Intergenerational relationships refer to ties between individuals or groups of different ages. Sweeping changes in American family structure, especially since World War II, have dramatically altered ties between generations for older and younger generations  alike.  Many  intergenerational  ties  now last longer than at any time in the past. As social networks contract due to loss

Interpersonal Relationships Research Topics

In interpersonal relationships, two participants are interdependent, where the behavior of each affects the outcomes of the other. Additionally, the individuals interact with each other in a series of interactions that are interrelated and affect each other. Individuals form many different kinds of relationships with other people, some of which are intimate and close (e.g.

Relationships with Clients

The therapeutic relationship is central to counselors’ work with clients. The therapeutic relationship is the association, rapport, and connection between a counselor and client. The establishment of the therapeutic relationship begins with the joining process, wherein the counselor and client get to know each other and clarify the need and purpose for counseling. The therapeutic

Social Relationships and Quality of Life

This article delves into the intricate interplay between social relationships and quality of life within the realm of health psychology. Beginning with an overview of the field, the introduction emphasizes the critical need to understand the impact of social connections on well-being. The subsequent sections explore the profound effects of social relationships on both physical

Scroll to Top