A specific comparative research methodology is known in most social sciences. Its definition often refers to countries and cultures at the same time, because cultural differences between countries can be rather small (e.g., in Scandinavian countries), whereas very different cultural or ethnic groups may live within one country (e.g., minorities in the United States). Comparative
Audience research is a broad term that, in principle, denotes the systematic study of any audience for any purpose. In practice, the term usually connotes efforts to describe and analyze patterns of media consumption, often for some commercial or administrative purpose. Such research became commonplace in the early twentieth century as new forms of mass
This article delves into the realm of interdisciplinary research within the context of the criminal justice process in the United States. Beginning with an exploration of the background and significance of interdisciplinary research, the article traces its evolution and the shifting paradigms in criminal justice studies. The theoretical foundations section delves into the integration of
This article delves into the critical domain of research ethics within legal scholarship, focusing on its significance in the United States criminal justice process. The introduction elucidates the fundamental concept of research ethics and establishes its overarching importance in maintaining the integrity and credibility of criminal justice research. The subsequent section examines the ethical principles
This article delves into the realm of legal research in International Criminal Law (ICL) within the United States criminal justice process. The introduction elucidates the definition and significance of legal research in the international criminal justice context, providing a succinct overview of the international criminal justice system. The body of the article unfolds in three
Communication research is intimately related to politics, especially if politics is understood widely as the deliberate management of society. Research on media and other aspects of communication such as election campaigns has typically been inspired and financed by political motives. On the other hand, research has influenced politics by producing concepts and findings about how
Alongside theories, research methods shape academic disciplines such as communication. Whereas theories determine the subject matter (i.e., the part of reality a discipline is looking at), methods determine how a discipline gathers information about its subject matter. Which methods are acceptable and how methods are applied is subject to an ongoing debate and communication process
Linkage research identifies the relationship between employee perceptions of the work environment and objective measures of business performance (e.g., productivity) and other relevant organizational outcomes (e.g., customer satisfaction). Workplace perceptions are typically gathered through employee surveys, and measures of business performance are selected on the basis of what outcomes are relevant to the firm’s strategy.
Longitudinal research involves the collection and analysis of comparable data at more than one point in time. The exact number of time points and the interval between time points depend on the nature of the investigation. A longitudinal design is desirable for many research investigations because it enables an assessment of change over time. The
Qualitative research is an approach to inquiry that refers to a broad umbrella domain of various research traditions and investigative and analytic practices employed by researchers in a wide range of subject disciplines. One way of understanding the variety is to understand qualitative inquiry from the perspective of three broad philosophical paradigms that represent various