The statement “No sweet without sweat!” is well known by athletes of any age. It expresses the time and cost athletes have to invest to achieve top-class performances. K. Anders Ericsson suggested that athletes must practice for 10,000 hours or 10 years to become experts in an activity. However, extensive training holds many pitfalls if
Downsizing is the planned elimination of jobs and positions in order to decrease the number of workers employed by an organization; it is often a response to changing technology, market demands, and institutional pressures. Downsizing occurs in a large number of organizations, and it is increasingly being accepted as a legitimate management tool even in
This article provides an overview of Fragile X Syndrome, a genetic disorder that affects both physical and cognitive aspects of an individual’s life. This article explores the genetic underpinnings of the syndrome, discussing the molecular basis, inheritance patterns, and diagnostic methods. The subsequent section explores the clinical presentation and psychological implications of Fragile X Syndrome
Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a complex genetic disorder with profound implications in the field of psychology. This article provides an in-depth exploration of PWS, encompassing its clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, etiology with a focus on genetics, and the intricate psychological and behavioral challenges faced by individuals living with PWS. The article underscores the critical role
Tourette’s Syndrome, a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics, has intrigued researchers and clinicians for decades. This article explores the intricate world of Tourette’s, offering a multidimensional understanding of its etiology, clinical presentation, psychosocial impact, assessment, treatment, and long-term outcomes. Explored within are the genetic and neurological underpinnings, co-occurring conditions, the intricate
Klinefelter’s syndrome is a male sex chromosome disorder affecting 1 in 500 males across all ethnic groups. Men with Klinefelter’s syndrome possess an additional X chromosome, resulting in a 47,XXY genotype. The additional X chromosome comes from sporadic errors during sperm or egg formation. In an individual with Klinefelter’s syndrome, the extra X chromosome forms
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is an X-linked recessive inborn error of purine metabolism caused by absence of, or deficiency in, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT). HPRT metabolizes hypoxanthine and guanine to uric acid. First described in two brothers by Lesch and Nyhan in 1964, the disorder is fortunately rare, occurring in less than 1 in 200,000 births. It
Rape trauma syndrome (RTS) is a topic about which experts testify in legal cases. It is most often used by prosecutors in sexual assault cases to counter a defendant’s claim that the sexual contact in question was consensual. The specific nature of the testimony varies from case to case but often includes a description of
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading cause of inherited mental retardation. It is caused by a change (mutation) in the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene located near the end of the X chromosome. This change is associated with a broad range of symptoms from speech delay and hyperactivity early in development to
Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that affects more than 350,000 U.S. citizens. Down syndrome ranks second to fragile X syndrome as the most frequent genetic cause of mental retardation. Although recognized by Edouard Seguin, a French physician and educator, as early as 1846, the first written description of the disorder was published in 1866