Every biological system—microbe, athlete, or team—can be described formally in terms of its time evolution or dynamics. This becomes feasible if one capitalizes on a crucial characteristic of biological systems, namely that they exchange energy and matter, and in some cases also information, with their surroundings. In statistical physics, such systems are called open systems
Dynamical Systems Theory Definition Emotions go up and down over the course of days. But sometimes emotions are more constant. For instance, depression could be characterized with fairly constant negative emotions across days. When will hearing some negative information lead a person into a depressed pattern? When will the same negative information just lead to
Sensory systems are the peripheral parts of the nervous system responsible for the transformation of physical stimuli into a neural code. Receptors of each sensory system are sensitive to a distinct kind of energy, like the hair cells of the inner ear to sound energy and the mechanoreceptors of the tactile system to mechanical energy
As psychological methods contracted in number and experimentation became a dominant mode of inquiry, a number of systematic models of psychology were being produced. In addition to what was being termed the structural (content of mental events) and functional (mental processes) perspectives, psychologists counted among their intellectual schools Gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis, holistic psychology, dynamic psychology