Personality is typically defined as a person’s distinctive and enduring (i.e., cross-situational) thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the person’s reactions to life situations. Personality traits are also defined as specific properties that predispose a person to react in certain ways in given classes of situations—sport, for example. Some personality traits are genetically determined and
Intelligence is a general mental capability that involves reasoning, planning, solving problems, thinking abstractly, comprehending complex ideas, and learning quickly from experience. The need to operationalize and make useful the construct of intelligence in educational, clinical, and employment settings led to a proliferation of standardized intelligence tests. Standardization refers to the development of consistent administration
The translation and adaptation of psychological tests used for practice and research requires careful attention to issues of bias and equivalence. Thorough translation methods help reduce bias and enhance equivalence of multilingual versions of a test. Of equal importance is statistical verification of equivalence. Equivalence addresses the question of comparability of observations and test scores
This article on statewide tests in school psychology explores the historical development, types, administration, and implications of statewide tests within the field of education. It delves into the multifaceted world of standardized testing, providing a comprehensive overview of its impact on educational policies and practices. The article addresses both the critical role of statewide tests
Perhaps the ultimate form of eyewitness evidence is the identification of a suspect from a live or photo lineup, as opposed to more general information provided by a witness, such as a verbal description of an event. Best-practice recommendations in this area are based on a combination of some good procedures used by law enforcement
IQ tests provide us with a quantitative measure of intelligence, known as the Intelligence Quotient (IQ for short). This type of testing has a long and rich history, beginning in Europe over a century ago. Though we still use variations of many of these early tests today, there is much controversy over measuring intelligence in
Whether it is in a classroom setting, a requirement for college admission, or to acquire something as simple as a driver’s license, few individuals in today’s society can avoid the necessity of taking tests. The scores received on these tests say something about what we know. Our knowledge level, as measured by the test, can
Aptitude tests are standardized instruments assessing specific cognitive, perceptual, or physical skills. These tests are frequently used in industry to inform decisions about hiring, placement, and advancement. In addition, aptitude tests are used in selection procedures for college, professional programs, and career planning. Aptitude tests are also useful for program evaluation and answering research questions