The purpose of fair play is to ensure that every competitor has an equal chance of being successful in any given competition. Fair play is supported by a philosophic belief that every player, team, official, and fan respects and honors (1) the rules of the game (constitutive, regulatory, and sportsmanship), (2) those who play the
The late 20th and early 21st centuries have seen a dramatic increase in the study of affect in organizations. The affective realm consists of state and trait affect, and there are many types of each. Mood is a transitory affective state that is relatively mild and long lasting. Different from other transitory affective states (i.e.
In the early 1980s, an unusual collection of clinical entities appeared that were characterized by aggressive opportunistic infections and malignancies in otherwise healthy individuals. These individuals also demonstrated a severe compromise of immune defense mechanisms. The disease was universally fatal. This complex syndrome of signs and symptoms was labeled as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Within
Race refers to a label that is commonly ascribed to individuals in certain societies based on their affiliation with a group of people. Members of racial groups typically share common characteristics in physical appearance or phenotype, but more significantly, they share a common stature within a given society. Although not widely regarded as such, many
Bias is defined as distortion of judgment or perception of a person or group based on the person’s or group’s race, religion, ethnicity, gender, age, sexual orientation, heritage, or ancestry, resulting in differential treatment in clinical work, diagnosis, and testing. The term bias has been used interchangeably with prejudice, specifically related to holding a distinct
HIV/AIDS, a global health crisis of immense significance, is explored comprehensively in this article. Beginning with an historical overview, it explores the etiology and modes of transmission, progressing to the pathophysiology of the disease. Part II delves into the clinical aspects of HIV/AIDS, covering diagnosis, clinical stages, and treatment. Part III shifts the focus to
Pica, a complex and enigmatic behavioral disorder characterized by the consumption of non-nutritive substances, has captured the attention of researchers and clinicians alike. This article delves into the world of Pica, examining its historical context, prevalence, and relevance in the field of psychology. Through a detailed exploration, the article elucidates the multifaceted etiology of Pica
Working at a time when few women were active as researchers, Anne Roe provided a different perspective on career choice and adjustment and is now credited as being the forerunner of a psychodynamic perspective. Roe was particularly interested in individual psychological differences between people and utilized research and statistical methods. From the 1930s, she engaged
This article delves into the multifaceted concept of time on task within the realm of school psychology. Beginning with a foundational exploration of its historical context and theoretical underpinnings, the article subsequently scrutinizes various methods for measuring time on task, while scrutinizing their strengths and limitations. Further, it sheds light on evidence-based interventions and strategies
Carl Gustav Jung was a Swiss-German psychoanalyst who, with Sigmund Freud, was instrumental in ushering depth psychology (theories of the unconscious) into the 20th century. Jung was educated at the University of Zurich and as a young man he developed the concept of the autonomous, unconscious complex and the technique of free association, well before