Human beings have a natural tendency to react with some degree of positive or negative affect to any object or concept of psychological significance (Fishbein & Ajzen 1975; Eagly & Chaiken 1993). We like or dislike certain people, support or oppose various policies, regard some activities as pleasant and others as unpleasant, have favorable views
Value of Information (VOI) is an outgrowth of advances in Bayesian decision theory and welfare economics that seeks to quantify prospectively the benefits and costs of research and development (R&D) activities under uncertainty. VOI allows for the identification of sources of treatment uncertainty and provides a method to calculate the incremental value of pursuing research
Policy Relevance The general issue of balancing the value of evidence about the performance of a technology and the value of providing patients with access to a technology can be seen as central to a number of policy questions in many different types of healthcare systems (HCS). For example, decisions about approval or reimbursement of
Value Pluralism Model Definition What happens when two or more values come into conflict? What will determine the level of conflict a person experiences, and how will the person go about resolving it? The value pluralism model (VPM) addresses these questions. The VPM, in its original form, consists of three interrelated sets of propositions: Underlying
Value Priorities Definition Value priorities are principles that provide people with a way of knowing what they must do and what type of person they must be so that they can live the best way possible, taking into account their environment and personal attributes. Value priorities therefore provide people with a way of knowing what
People differ in how they approach others. Some people tend to approach others in a cooperative manner, whereas other people tend to approach others in a more self-centered manner. Such social dispositions have been demonstrated to be quite important in various contexts and are often examined under the heading of social value orientation. This concept