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The concept “mass media” is a collective term that stands for a broad variety of print media like newspapers, magazines,...

Media history as a concept in its own right possesses a relatively recent lineage. In the early decades of the...

Research in the sub-field of media production and content seeks to describe and explain the symbolic world of the media...

Typologies of media systems date to the publication of Four Theories of the Press, which proposed a typology of authoritarian, libertarian,...

The key to unified and successful advertising campaigns is solid management. Each advertising campaign contains visible as well as unseen...

Advertising as persuasion may be defined as an instrumental and intentional form of commercial communication by which a deliberate attempt...

Urologists are physicians who specialize in the treatment of medical and surgical disorders of the adrenal gland and of the...

Urban and regional planners assist in the development and redevelopment of a city, metropolitan area, or region. They work to...

Umpires and referees ensure that competitors in athletic events follow the rules. They make binding decisions and have the power...

Veterinary technicians provide support and assistance to veterinarians. They work in a variety of environments, including zoos, animal hospitals, clinics,...

Using typewriters, personal computers, and other office machines, typists and word processors convert handwritten or otherwise unfinished material into clean,...

Title searchers and examiners conduct searches of public records to determine the legal chain of ownership for a piece of...

Tire technicians, employed by tire manufacturers, test tires to determine their strength, durability (how long they will last), and any...

Textile manufacturing workers prepare natural and synthetic fibers for spinning into yarn and manufacture yarn into textile products that are...

Employees who work on an assignment or contractual basis are called temporary workers. They usually work through agencies, staffing offices,...

Telephone operators help people using phone company services, as well as other telephone operators, to place calls and to make...

The Aleuts inhabit the Aleutian Archipelagos that span from the Alaska Peninsula to the Commander Islands in Russia. Their original...

Algonquian is a linguistic term that describes the language family belonging specifically to a large number of North American Native...

Alienation refers to the process by which individuals become disconnected or divorced from their social worlds. It also operates on...

Often called the “Sistine Chapel of Paleolithic Art,” the prehistoric Altamira Cave contains paintings and artifacts dating from 18,000 to...

Altruism is the attitude that consists of according one’s regards to the Other (alter in Latin), personally or globally, as...

Amazonia. The name conjures western images of luxuriant vegetation, unbridled nature, and vast, unexplored lands. Whether envisioned as a tropical...

The Amish are an Anabaptist religious isolate. There are currently over 180,000 Amish residing in the United States and Canada,...

In the American Southwest, the four corners area of southern Utah, southwestern Colorado, northwestern New Mexico, and northern Arizona was...

Ancestor worship is often referred to as the ancestral cult, namely, a set of religious beliefs and ritual practices that...

King Jayavarman II founded Angkor, the capital of the Khmer Empire, in the 9th century AD in northeastern Cambodia. Angkor...

Introduction The flow of new medical technologies is a response to several factors including an ageing population, changes in environmental...

Introduction As healthcare costs increase because of the aging population and technological developments in healthcare, the need by healthcare decision...

Introduction There has been a growing use of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) in the assessment of the cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions....

Introduction Decision-modeling is increasingly used or required by health technology funding/reimbursement agencies as a vehicle for economic evaluation. The process...

Introduction Health sector programs often have important policy objectives relating to the reduction of unfair health inequality, as well as...

Introduction The first recorded mathematical model describing a communicable disease was constructed by the Swiss mathematician Daniel Bernoulli and read...

Introduction The goal of an economic evaluation of medical interventions is to provide actionable information for policy makers. Modern policy...

Background The past two decades have seen a revolution in the science that underpins new health technologies. Many new technologies...

The Chicago School of Urban Sociology refers to work of faculty and graduate students at the University of Chicago during...

The central business district (CBD) is the down town of the American city, which in the early twentieth century possessed...

A city is a relatively large, dense, permanent, heterogeneous, and politically autonomous settlement whose population engages in a range of...

As part of a broader investigation of the connections between sexuality and space, researchers in a number of disciplines have...

The European city concept derives from Max Weber and historians of the Middle Ages. In ‘‘The City,’’ Weber characterizes the...

City planning encompasses the policies and processes that influence the development of towns, cities, and regions. While planning occurred in...

According to Japanese political scientist Keiichi Matsushita, ‘‘civil minimum’’ is a minimum standard for living in urban society that should...

Compositional theory of urbanism asserts that urban unconventionality and urban–rural differences are due mainly to the social characteristics (i.e., class,...

Ecological models of urban form describe and explain the spatial patterns taken by the distribution of people, buildings, and activities...

Rural sociology is the study of social organization and social processes that are characteristic of geographical localities where population size...

This article delves into the intricate landscape of relocation and identity change procedures within the U.S. criminal justice process, scrutinizing...

This article explores the multifaceted phenomenon of witness intimidation within the criminal justice process, with a particular focus on the...

This article explores the multifaceted dimensions of special considerations for vulnerable witnesses within the United States criminal justice system. Beginning...

This article delves into the intricate realm of international witness protection efforts within the context of the criminal justice process,...