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Transplant coordinators are involved in practically every aspect of organ procurement (getting the organ from the donor) and transplantation. There...

Toy industry workers create, design, manufacture, and market toys and games to adults and children. Their jobs are similar to...

Toxicologists design and conduct studies to determine the potential toxicity of substances to humans, plants, and animals. They provide information...

Tour guides plan and oversee travel arrangements and accommodations for groups of tourists. They assist travelers with questions or problems,...

Tobacco industry workers manufacture cigars, cigarettes, chewing tobacco, smoking tobacco, and snuff from leaf tobacco. They dry, cure, age, cut,...

The veterinarian, or doctor of veterinary medicine, diagnoses and controls animal diseases, treats sick and injured animals medically and surgically,...

The African concern for the state and society socioeconomic and political advancement led to the consideration of both capitalist and...

African American thought has been uniquely influenced by the African love of nature, cruelties of aggression, and an increasing need...

The quest for equality among African Americans has always been difficult, and some may argue with good reason that our...

In the cradle of humanity, Africa, thought was creatively practiced in a natural environment of bountifulness and human diversity. Languages,...

Aggression is simply defined as “Any form of behavior directed toward the goal of harming another living being who is...

The agricultural revolution is a notion applied to a wide spectrum of new kinds of human activities and a variety...

Agricultural intensification can affect any of the inputs of an agricultural system—the crops planted, the labor expended, and the productivity...

The origins of the practices of soil cultivation, crop harvesting, and livestock raising traditionally are regarded as the main criteria...

Slash-and-burn agriculture, sometimes known as swiddening or shifting cultivation, involves felling trees and vegetation on a plot of land, leaving...

The last few decades have seen the growth of a vigorous research program investigating alchemy and a subsequent increase in...

In their seminal 1965 study, Kitagawa and Hauser documented that mortality in the US fell with education. Since then a...

 /  Health Effects of Illegal Drug Use Introduction The potential health risks associated with using illicit drugs remain the key...

 /  Intergenerational Effects On Health Introduction Today an understanding of health is not complete without considering the role of in...

Introduction The first evidence of mortality being procyclical had been provided by Ogburn and Thomas during the 1920s – procyclical...

Introduction Mental illness is a common occurrence. Epidemiological evidence reveals that mental disorders are prevalent across more- and less-economically developed...

 /  Economics of Nutrition Introduction The close relationship between economics and nutrition runs in two directions. First, nutrition influences economic...

 /  Peer Effects in Health Behaviors Introduction Health economists have long been interested in examining the determinants of, and potential...

Introduction A primary objective of environmental policies worldwide is to protect human health. Optimal policy design, however, is typically hampered...

 /  Sex Work in Developing Countries Introduction The literature on the economics of sex work in developing countries has been...

When most people think about racism, they think about the concept of individual prejudice – in other words, negative thoughts...

Reparations refer to the actions of an aggrieved nation, group, or individual to seek redresses and compensations for the loss...

Science has a long and fraught history of entanglement with the social myth of biological race. The modern sciences of...

Perhaps the oldest form of human oppression is that of slavery. Slavery, with its roots in antiquity (e.g., Egypt, Babylon,...

Racial real estate steering occurs when home seekers are guided by housing providers to communities where their race is already...

Tribalism refers to customs and beliefs transmitted and enacted in groups (tribes) sharing a common identity and in which centralized...

Like water to the proverbial fish, whiteness has been largely invisible in the ”modern world system” of European creation. This...

Derived from the Greek words xeno, meaning “foreigner,” “stranger,” or “guest,” and phobia, meaning fear, xenophobia literally refers to a...

There is more to Burundi and Rwanda than the arcane histories of two overpopulated (7 million each), poverty stricken  micro-states...

Black urban regime refers to large, majority or near majority black cities in the United States governed by black mayors....

The one drop rule was a social construction that emerged discursively in US history. The language was first used by...

Passing is a process by which an individual crosses over from one culture or community into another undetected. The historical...

Paternalism is evidenced by a pattern of gift giving (or sponsorship) from a more powerful or higher status group or...

Many of the societies which have problems of multicultural governance are former multi ethnic colonies. A theory of such colonial...

The term pogrom came into widespread use in Russia in the late nineteenth century. Origin ally it defined an organized...

In a world characterized by massive immigration and high rates of intermarriage, it was inevitable that a new type of...

Prejudice is the judging of a person or idea, without prior knowledge of the person or idea, on the basis...

Race and ethnic consciousness refers to the awareness of membership in a racial or ethnic group by both group members...

Forms of etiquette exist in nearly every society where different racial and ethnic groups are separated by extreme differences in...

The term racism widely entered the social science vocabulary in the 1930s, as part of the Boasian reaction against the...

This article delves into the multifaceted landscape of financial crimes within the United States, focusing on the often-overlooked aspect of...

This article delves into the critical dimension of victims’ rights within the complex landscape of plea bargain negotiations in the...

This article delves into the intricate dynamics surrounding victims of human trafficking within the criminal justice process, particularly in the...

This article explores the evolving landscape of victims’ rights advocacy within the US criminal justice process, tracing its historical development,...