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Environmental sociology is a relatively new area of inquiry that emerged largely in response to increased societal recognition of the...

Discussions of media in sociology are generally concerned with mass media and, more recently, new media. Mass media are defined...

Medical sociology is a subdiscipline of sociology that studies the social causes and consequences of health and illness (Cockerham 2004)....

Political sociology analyzes the operation of power in social life, examining the distribution and machination of power at all levels:...

The sociology of aging is both broad and deep. The breadth of the field can be highlighted in several ways....

The sociology of crime (criminology) is the study of the making, breaking, and enforcing of criminal laws. Its aim is...

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In sociology deviance is defined as the violation of a social norm which is likely to result in censure or...

The field of sociology offers a great multitude of interesting essay and research paper topics. This list of sociology topics for...

The term affirmative action encompasses a broad range of voluntary and mandated policies and procedures intended to provide equal access...

Affirmative action is a term applied to policies designed to redress inequalities created by historical legacies of racial, ethnic, and...

Affirmative action is generally a policy to give preferential  treatment  to  minority  groups (such as women, ethnic minorities, indigenous people,...

In 1944 the Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal published a monumental study on the social conditions of African Americans. Encyclopedic in...

As a nation founded by European immigrants, the United States had to grapple with the concept of what it means...

Apartheid is a uniquely South African policy of racial engineering with which European colonizers tried to ensure their supremacy between...

An alliance is ‘‘a close association for a common objective’’ or ‘‘for mutual benefit,’’ synonymous with the idea of a...

The authoritarian personality is a psychological syndrome of traits that correlates highly without group prejudice. Three  personality traits in particular...

The term balkanization has come to mean a process of dividing an area, a country, or a region into several...

Herrnstein and Murray’s The Bell Curve (1994) is one of the most controversial and widely debated works of social science...

Bilingualism is succinctly defined by Uriel Weinreich in his book Languages in Contact (1953) as the ability to alternatively use...

Biracialism is used to indicate a racial ancestry comprised of two ‘‘races.’’ The term generally refers to first generation persons...

The study of ethnic and racial boundaries is intimately connected to the constructivist view on race and ethnicity. Rather than...

In 1903, William Edward Burghardt Du Bois penned the phrase: ‘‘The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of...

Racial/ethnic conflict is a basic process in social life and can be both destructive and cohesive. In some situations, it...

The topic of African Americans and consumption is fundamentally engaged with slavery, US racial politics, social inequality, and Civil Rights...

At crucial moments in a people’s history, the question ‘‘What is to be done?’’ is raised. Alongside this question, additional...

An ethnic or racial division of labor exists in a society in which ethnic or racial groups have distinctive concentrations...

The term ethnic cleansing refers to various policies of forcibly removing people of another ethnic group. At the more general...

The ethnic enclave is a subeconomy that offers protected access to labor and markets, informal sources of credit, and business...

Ethnic groups are fundamental units of social organization which consist of members who define themselves, or are defined, by a...

Ethnic/informal economy is inconsistently defined by scholars. This slows progress in explicating the social underpinnings of ethnic/informal economies and in...

The ancient Greek word ethnos, the root of ‘‘ethnicity,’’ referred to people living and acting together in a manner that...

Ethnocentrism is a belief that  the norms, values, ideology, customs, and traditions of one’s own culture or subculture are superior...

Ethnonationalism (or ethnic nationalism) connotes identity with and loyalty to a nation in the sense of a human grouping predicated...

Eurocentrism is a particular case of the more general phenomenon of ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism refers to the regard of one’s own...

The term ghetto is a concept with many meanings. It is frequently used to describe any dense areas of Jewish...

Race interacts with health just as it does with other life determining, sociodemographic factors like class, gender, and age. Race...

The stark facts of the Holocaust can be summarized. When Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist Party came to power...

Those who prefer a narrow definition of forensic psychology do not typically include police psychology in its purview. We have...