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Academic achievement is axiomatic to career development processes. In people’s lives, academic choices, barriers, or opportunities occur early and frequently,...

Many psychologists use labels such as achievement test, aptitude test, and ability test imprecisely, and nonpsychologists use them as synonyms....

The career concerns presented to counselors by adults vary widely. Some clients are making new career choices, others are coping...

The ASVAB, shorthand for the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery, anchors the Career Exploration Program (CEP) offered free to schools...

Biodata, or biographical data, are paper and pencil measures that ask respondents to reflect or report on their life experiences....

The Campbell Interest and Skill Survey (CISS) is a career assessment instrument that analyzes an individual’s self-reported interests and skills...

Card sorts are nonstandardized and subjective assessments commonly used in career counseling to help clients clarify their skills and career...

The Career Attitudes and Strategies Inventory (CASI) is a 130-item, paper and pencil, self-report assessment by John L. Holland and...

Career barriers have been hypothesized to affect the career development process by inhibiting career aspirations and restricting the range of...

The Career Beliefs Inventory (CBI) is a tool designed to help people identify career beliefs that may be preventing them...

The Career Decision Scale (CDS) grew out of S. H. Osipow, C. Carney, J. Winer, B. Yanico, and M. Koschier’s...

The Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale (CDSE) was developed by Karen Taylor and Nancy Betz in order to apply Albert Bandura’s...

The Career Development Inventory (CDI) is a 120-item standardized measure of career development attitudes and knowledge first published in 1979....

The Career Mastery Inventory (CMAS) evolved from the Career Adjustment and Development Inventory (CADI), a measure that was developed by...

The Career Maturity Inventory (CMI) is a 50-item standardized measure designed to assess the process of how adolescents and adults...

The Career Occupational Preference System (COPSystem) is a coordinated career guidance program consisting of three assessment instruments all keyed to...

The Career Planning Survey is a paper-based career assessment system designed to help students in Grades 8 through 10 identify...

A difficult task facing career counselors concerns applying abstract career theories to concrete problems presented by clients. Over the years,...

The career style interview (CSI) consists of six questions and is the primary means of assessment for those interested in...

The Career Thoughts Inventory (CTI) is a theory-based assessment and intervention resource intended to improve thinking in career problem solving...

The Career Transitions Inventory (CTI) is a 40-item Likert format measure designed to assess an individual’s internal process variables that...

The College Student Experiences Questionnaire (CSEQ) is a versatile tool that assesses the quality of effort college students expend in...

The Employee Aptitude Survey (EAS), used for more than 50 years in selection and career counseling, was developed to yield...

The Environmental Assessment Technique (EAT) was developed by John L. Holland and Alexander W. Astin to quickly and easily capture...

No universally accepted conceptual definition of interests has emerged in vocational psychology. As a result, interests often are defined as...

The General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB) was developed by the U.S. Employment Service (USES) for use in occupational counseling, primarily...

The Hall Occupational Orientation Inventory (HOOI) is an ambitious undertaking designed to aid career and personal exploration through the self-assessment...

The Jackson Vocational Interest Inventory (commonly known as the Jackson Vocational Interest Survey or JVIS) is a standardized, normed career...

Kuder Career Search (KCS) represents the third generation of interest inventories known as the Kuder Preference Records. First was the...

The Minnesota Importance Questionnaire (MIQ) is a measure of work needs and work values. Work needs are a person’s requirements...

Career assessment involves an ongoing process of gathering information to assist clients to make career-related decisions. Useful information to gather...

As societies, especially in the United States, have become more diverse, counselors are expected to be able to deliver competent...

The My Vocational Situation (MVS) scale is a self-report screening tool developed for use with high school, college, and adult...

The National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) obtains, on an annual basis, information from tens of thousands of students at...

Performance modeling refers to the complex process of describing and defining job performance and facilitating the consequent goal of accurate...

One of the first and even now most-used tools of career counselors is the interest inventory. Inventories currently in use...

The term personality typically refers to one’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving. In addition to the stable, trait-like...

Person-environment fit models are among the most widely used and influential models in vocational psychology. Ultimately, these models trace their...

Riding the bicycle to work, walking up the stairs to the apartment, taking a book from the shelf, and playing...