s

Research and application in sport and exercise psychology (SEP) has relied heavily on psychophysiological applications. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure...

During  the  early  part  of  the  20th  century,  psychology was dominated by the school of thought known  as  behaviorism,  which ...

Evidence  suggests  the  challenges  of  injury  recovery  may  not  cease  at  the  completion  of  athletes’ physical  rehabilitation.  Over  the  past ...

In sport, and sport coaching more specifically, the connection  between  coach  and  athlete  is  instrumental  for  optimal  functioning,  be  it ...

The need for consistency in training, motor learning, technical preparation, and competition is well understood by coaches, athletes, and applied...

Interventions  in  the  field  of  exercise  or  physical activity (PA) psychology focus on issues related to health rather than on...

The  hierarchical  model  of  intrinsic  and  extrinsic motivation  (HMIEM)  is  a  comprehensive  theory that  seeks  to  describe  human  motivation  and ...

Knowledge  about  tasks  and  the  environment  is organized  hierarchically  in  the  human  cognitive system,  involving  the  diverse  long-term  memory (LTM)...

Shortly  after  World  War  II,  Ralph  Stogdill  published a highly influential review paper in which he concluded  that  effective  leadership ...

The  core  tenets  of  social  cognitive  theory  (SCT) focus  on  the  interrelationship  among  three  sets of  factors—namely  personal,  environmental,  and...

An enduring question within the field of sport and performance psychology concerns the origins of effective leadership (as displayed by...

Over  the  past  25  years,  there  has  been  considerable interest in the application of the transactional and   transformational   leadership   paradigm  ...

The  ability  to  learn  defines  much  that  is  unique about human behavior and underlies many aspects of sport and exercise...

The limbic system is composed of a group of brain structures associated with various functions, most notably emotion, cognition, fear,...

Control  has  been  conceptualized  in  many  different  ways  in  psychological  literature,  but  the prototype  for  control  is  the  belief  that ...

Memory  is  a  cognitive  module  in  action  organization in which information about objects, movements,  events,  environmental  elements,  and  the action-related ...

A mental block is the inability to cognitively process thoughts or recall information. The effect can potentially interfere with performance....

Mental  rehearsal  is  an  umbrella  term  that  covers several  techniques  used  by  athletes  and  exercisers  to  improve  performance.  It  happens ...

Athletes are confronted with a variety of stressors, challenges,  and  adversities,  external  (e.g.,  hostile crowds, referee errors, challenged by an...

Mentoring is a process in which a mentor, who is typically more experienced or older, helps a mentee  or  protégé ...

Mindfulness  is  a  state  of  non-judging  awareness and acceptance of internal experiences. This state has been achieved through evidence-driven mindfulness-based...

The  term  mirror  neurons  refers  to  neurons  that show  spike  activity  in  response  to  the  performance  of  an  action  and ...

The  concept  of  moral  atmosphere  was  originally  described  by  Lawrence  Kohlberg  and  his associates,  who  investigated  school  and  prison environments ...

The term moral behavior is used with at least two different meanings in the literature. The first is when researchers ...

Moral  disengagement  is  the  conditional  endorsement  of  transgressive  behavior  through  the  use of  any  of  eight  psychosocial  mechanisms  and  is...

Moral judgment refers to the determination a person  makes  about  an  action  (or  inaction),  motive, situation,  or  person  in  relation ...

Moral reasoning is focused on what, from a moral standpoint,  a  person  should  do  in  a  given  situation.  Moral  reasoning ...

The  study  of  morality  in  sport  has  attracted  the interest   of   many   sport   psychologists,   partly because  of  the  pervasive  and ...

There are two causes of body movement. First, an external force can act on the person or animal; a strong ...

Motor  control,  in  reference  to  movements  of  an organism or motions of a robot, is often conceived of as a...

Motor  learning  is  the  shaping  of  individual  sensorimotor  capabilities  by  the  physical  and  social environment. It is based on changes...

Effective management of human capital provides a means for increasing productivity and reducing costs. The relationship between retention and profitability...

Gainsharing (GS) and profit sharing (PS) are two pay-for-performance systems used by organizations to reward workers for increased performance at...

Gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) individuals are physically and emotionally attracted to individuals of their own gender. These individuals compose...

Human resources strategy focuses on two primary issues: The degree to which human resources (HR) practices are aligned with business...

Job advertisements are mechanisms used by organizations to communicate employment need. Globally, job advertisements are commonly used by all types...

Job analysis is a label given to the process of obtaining information about jobs, which includes both the description of...

A variety of job analysis methods have been developed over the years. These include work-oriented methods, which seek to describe...

A job description is a written summary of what is done on a job, how the work is accomplished, and...

Job evaluation may be defined as a systematic, objective process of determining the worth of jobs to an organization. It...

Job search can be defined as the specific activities through which effort and time are expended to acquire information about...

A frequent need in organizations and organizational research is to classify individual positions or jobs into groups, with each group...

Older workers compose a growing segment of the workforce who must contend with a variety of distinctive concerns as they...