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The depressive disorders are characterized by a persistent sad or unhappy mood. Sometimes these disorders are referred to as the...

Development is systematic change over time. In humans, development is the sequence of physical and psychological changes that occurs as...

The principle of developmental direction, one of Gesell’s  five  principles  of  maturation,  assumes  that development is not random but proceeds...

The 9 months that precedes the birth of every child involves an amazing process. From the moment an egg is...

A development quotient (DQ), most frequently used with infants or preschool children, is a numerical indicator of a child’s growth...

Type I diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) is the most common endocrinology disorder, with onset typically occurring in adolescence. It is...

Use And Application The DSM establishes diagnoses along five axes. These axes are as follows: Axis I: Clinical disorders Axis...

Dialectical  thought  involves  seeking  a  synthesis of  two  or  more  seemingly  opposing  viewpoints. Throughout our lives, our views about how...

Dieting is the purposeful restriction of food intake as a means of losing weight, experiencing health benefits,  and/or  avoiding  medical...

The term discipline is used variously in the literature. The more restrictive view of discipline is to define it as...

Free association is an inadequate translation into English of the German term freier Einfall (meaning “free irruption”), which Sigmund Freud...

Natural and technological disasters are exceedingly stressful events that disrupt communities and families and traumatize individuals. Natural disasters are events...

In most cases, gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) clients seek out counseling and therapy for the same reasons that heterosexual...

Divorce, or the legal dissolution of marriage, is a common occurrence that affects millions of individuals and families throughout the...

Group Therapy Definition Group therapy is a form of psychotherapy where one or more therapists treat a small group of...

Divorce mediation is the use of a third-party neutral mediator who assists parties in developing their own financial and parental...

A widely accepted credo among medical and mental health professionals, attributed to the Greek physician and “father of medicine” Hippocrates,...

Every family has conflict, but families differ in the ways they resolve arguments, disputes, and disagreements. For some families and...

Anthropologist Edward T. Hall introduced the construct of high-context (HC) communication to describe the degree to which people rely on...

Although an inadequate number of sperm contributes to approximately a third of all infertility, there had been little, if any,...

Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that affects more than 350,000 U.S. citizens. Down syndrome ranks second to fragile X...

Homework assignments are tasks that clients in counseling and psychotherapy work on between treatment sessions. Examples include having a depressed...

Drunken  driving  motor  vehicle  crashes  remain a leading cause of death and injury to people in the United States. In...

Humanistic approaches to counseling include a number of theoretical viewpoints. The dominant perspectives in this category are person-centered therapy and...

One of  the  most  significant  transformations  over the past 50 years has been the growing proportion of women earning an...

While it is difficult to describe the nature of hypnosis scientifically, procedurally a therapist induces a trance, or deeply relaxed...

Although all people die, everyone’s dying process is unique. Many people think of dying as merely a physical process, but...

Counseling is a professional and dynamic relationship that requires clinicians to integrate and demonstrate their intellectual and interpersonal skills. This...

Dyslexia is a controversial term most often used to describe learners who fail to learn to read quickly, easily, or...

The foundation on which individual therapy is based is the natural network of human social relationships. Discussions of personal life...

Eclecticism, or integration, is now the most common theoretical orientation among counselors and psychotherapists in the United States. This has...

Early intervention can be both broadly and specifically defined. Generally speaking, the term refers to any specialized assistance provided to...

Interpersonal learning occurs when individuals, through their interactions with others, acquire self-insight and learn new interpersonal skills. Interpersonal learning is...

E c holali a derives from the Greek words “echo” meaning “sound,” and “lalia” meaning “a form of speech.” In...

A theory is simply an explanation for understanding how things happen and why. A learning theory about career development explains...

There have been many different approaches to explaining development, but one especially has tried to deal with the importance of...

Anthropologist Edward T. Hall introduced the construct of low-context communication to describe the degree to which people rely on contextual...

The term “ego” is today in common usage. People use the term “ego” in a variety of ways. Because the...

Metaphor is a form of figurative language, often described as facilitating the understanding of one thing in terms of another....

Ego development refers to the evolution of a personality construct that synthesizes experience into a coherent sense of how individuals...

Mindfulness refers to a meditative practice most commonly associated with Buddhism that dates back to 25 centuries ago as part...

Our everyday conception of egocentrism involves people behaving “selfishly” or failing to be “considerate” of others. While egocentrism does in...