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Music is such an important part of life that some find it difficult to imagine what the world would be...

Elder abuse is a term that has both specific and general meanings. Specifically, the term refers to volitional acts (acts...

Narrative therapy (NT) refers to a variety of approaches that focus on the role of language, particularly stories, in counseling....

Eating disorders are characterized by extreme attitudes and behaviors surrounding weight and food issues. Included in this class of disorders...

Orthogonal cultural identification theory argues that in a pluralistic environment, individuals may identify with more than one culture without necessarily...

Disgust has been described as an evolutionarily important emotion. According to Darwin, the function of disgust is to prevent orally...

Counseling and psychotherapy outcomes are the benefits (or harms) that derive for clients (patients or mental healthcare consumers) as a...

Numerous definitions of paradox have been offered that contain several commonalities. First, they involve a statement that is contrary to...

Many types of family violence have been recognized, including child abuse, wife abuse, and, more recently, elder abuse. All forms...

Plato proposed the earliest person-environment (P-E) interaction model in The Republic around 360 B.C. He suggested that men be assigned...

Phrenology, an outmoded scientific discipline, predicted individual traits and characteristics in humans by analyzing the shape of the skull. Franz...

Elderhostel was founded in 1975 by Martin Knowles, social activist and educator, and David Bianco, director of residential life at...

Play therapy can be defined as a cluster of theory-driven treatment modalities used to establish an interpersonal process wherein trained...

Positivism emerged as a philosophical paradigm in the 19th century with Auguste Comte’s rejection of meta-physics and his assertion that...

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a recording of the continuous electrical activity of the brain made by electrodes positioned on the scalp....

Psychologists use a number of methods to assess psychopathology and personality, including structured and unstructured interviews, brief self-rated and clinician-rated...

During  the  46-day  embryo  stage,  the  embryo grows to a length of more than 1 inch (2.5 cm). By the...

It has been over a century since Sigmund Freud first introduced psychoanalysis to the world and since “Anna O,” one...

When does adolescence end? When does adulthood begin? Traditionally adulthood began when education, whether secondary or higher, was complete; the...

Psychoeducation combines psychotherapy with education to help participants deal with a targeted problem in their life. It has been implemented...

Albert Ellis first demonstrated and introduced his innovative rational-emotive therapy (RET) in 1957. In 1993, Ellis revised and expanded the...

Reframing is a technique used by counselors to shift a client’s view of a particular problem, event, or person. It...

First developed in 1977, self-efficacy is an important component of Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory. Self-efficacy refers to people’s judgments...

Self-help groups consist of individuals who share the same problem or concern. Group members provide emotional support to one another,...

Originally developed by Henri Tajfel and John Turner to understand the psychological bases of intergroup discrimination, social identity theory seeks...

The Socratic Method can be a useful tool for many forms of psychological treatment and can be incorporated into many...

Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT), also called solution-focused therapy or solution-building practice therapy, was developed by Steven de Shazer, Insoo Kim...

The Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA) is a person-environment fit (P-E fit) theory that elaborated the P-E fit theories of...