s

Latinos are a diverse group of individuals with ancestry in Spanish-speaking countries in Central and South America as well in...

The need for effective career counseling and related research among Native Americans is striking. Census data show that Native Americans...

In the late 19th century, anthropology emerged as an academic discipline against a background of intellectual foment and rapid advances...

Spiritual ecology may be defined as a complex and diverse arena of religious, spiritual, intellectual, and practical activities at the...

Liberal religion is distinct from the liberal wings of particular religions such as liberal Catholics, liberal Baptists, liberal Hindus, and...

A religious ritual is a prescribed, routinized, and ceremonial action or set of actions, the function of which is symbolic...

Reproduction in anthropology refers to the processes by which new social members are produced— specifically, the physiological processes of conception,...

Social science involves the study of people. Social research methods are based on a systematic approach to studying social phenomena....

Anthropologists such as Anthony F. C. Wallace first employed the term revitalization movement in 1956. The term was created to...

Variously known as “life crisis” ceremonies, rites of passage, or by the French term rites de passage, this complex of...

William Halse Rivers Rivers was an unusual talent who made significant contributions both to psychology and anthropology, although his reputation...

RNA (ribonucleic acid) is a single-stranded nucleic acid. This molecule is involved in protein synthesis. There are several types of...

Research indicates that substance abuse is a risk marker for intimate partner violence (IPV). This entry reviews the evidence for...

A number of different methods are used to treat substance abuse. The most common method often used by treatment facilities...

Substance use disorder is defined as the use of a substance that results in persistent and sometimes pervasive aversive consequences. Substance...

Prisoner suicide assessment and prevention is an area of active research and clinical involvement. Indeed, it is an important component...

The Suicide Assessment Manual for Inmates (SAMI) is a new instrument designed to assess risk for suicide attempts among individuals...

Suicide by cop (SbC) is a phenomenon confronted by police officers in which suicidal individuals behave in such a way...

Super-maximum secure or “supermax” prisons are used to hold those prisoners whom prison authorities regard as the most problematic in...

The tender years doctrine, or the practice of awarding infants and young children to mothers in custody disputes, was employed...

When families fail to care for and protect children, states have the authority, when granted legal jurisdiction by the court,...

Terrorism, like many other horrific types of violence, has begged in the minds of many for a psychological explanation. The...

Technological advances in medicine and dentistry have led to an increase in stressful diagnostic and treatment procedures, presenting problems for...

Suicide is the act of intentionally taking one’s own life. The study of suicide is essential because suicide is so...

Rather than passively receiving information about the body, individuals perceive physical symptoms through an active and constructive process. Physical symptoms...

Over the past four decades, computer technology has improved exponentially while cost has decreased. Personal computers (PCs) are more sophisticated,...

Tend-and-Befriend Response Definition In times of stress, humans and many animal species tend and befriend. Tending involves quieting and caring...

Testosterone Definition Testosterone is a hormone that is responsible for the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics. Testosterone is released...

The transtheoretical model (TTM), also known informally as the stages-of- change model, has been influential in the field of health...

Definition Of Treatment Delay Treatment delay is defined as the time that elapses from when a person first notices or...

Virtually every woman can expect to experience at least one chronic illness or disorder in her lifetime, and the incidence...

Due to the increasing amount of time people spend in the paid labor force, there has been widespread interest in...

The term “indirect effects” denotes the consequences of direct effects on individuals who are not exposed to media content. According...

In view of the preponderance of published research on the effects of the communication media, it is astounding, if not...

The established history of media effects research is characterized by a series of phases marked by fundamental paradigm shifts (see...

The study of media effects has driven mass communication research for most of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Scholars have...

Twenty-first-century mass communication scholars rarely question the existence of media effects. Research has presented significant and consistent evidence that the...

As early as 1974, Ball-Rokeach presented the first in a series of papers that would unfold the concepts and assumptions...

Mediating factors are the psychological and social conditions in the communication process that moderate the effects of persuasive mass communication....

From a very general point of view, “mediatization of society” is a concept that indicates the extension of the influence...

Message effects fall into at least three categories: behavioral (actions caused by a message), cognitive (thoughts caused by a message),...

Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann stands for a paradigm shift in the field of media effects research. In 1972 she presented her spiral...

Proactivity refers to the idea that individuals initiate action and make constructive changes in their environment. As careers have become...

Tolerance for ambiguity can be defined as the degree to which an individual is comfortable with uncertainty, unpredictability, conflicting directions,...

The Type A behavior pattern (TABP) was introduced almost 40 years ago by Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenman as a...

Values constitute a pervasive and comprehensive concept, variously defined and elusive to comprehend. Philosophers and social and behavioral scientists have...

Although a center is typically a place where something occurs, an assessment center is not so much a place as...

The Career Occupational Preference System (COPSystem) is a coordinated career guidance program consisting of three assessment instruments all keyed to...

The System of Interactive Guidance Information (SIGI) is a computer-assisted career guidance system (CACGS) for university students and adults. It...

Adults experience a wide variety of transitions including shifting from school to work, marriage, divorce, birth of a child, death...