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The sentencing decision is typically the last court decision made in a case. This decision has attracted the most attention...

Sentencing diversion programs are formal, institutionalized programs for people with mental illness that were created to reduce the volume of...

People are fascinated by violent crime, and serial murder may be the most fascinating crime of all. Books, newspapers, television...

Although clinical psychological assessment is generally expected to be specific to particular interventions with demonstrated efficacy, there is insufficient empirical...

During the past 15 years, sex offender civil commitment laws have emerged that require some dangerous sex offenders to receive...

Sexual assault is a serious social problem of great concern. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services estimates that...

Now primarily of historical interest, the Sex Offender Needs Assessment Rating (SONAR) was the first focused attempt to assess change...

Sex offender recidivism refers to the commission of a subsequent offense by a sex offender on release. The base rates...

The Sex Offender Risk Appraisal Guide (SORAG) is a 14-item actuarial scale designed to predict violent, including hands-on, sexual recidivism...

Given the rising concern about the problem of sexual violence, increased attention has been given to the evaluation of existing...

Introduction Health psychologists are concerned with the effects that psychological states and processes have on health and disease. Credible scientific...

The term psychosomatic is derived by combining two Greek roots, psyche (“mind”) and soma (“body”). Psychosomatic medicine refers both to...

The term psychotherapy refers to the use of psychological (as opposed to physical) treatments to improve physical and mental health...

Public health refers to those activities by which a society attempts to increase life expectancy, decrease morbidity, and help improve...

Health is probably the most valued human asset. In fact, studies on the preference for different states of being show...

Psychophysiology, a discipline that traces its roots back to ancient Greek society, is one of several scientific disciplines that examine...

Cardiovascular Reactivity To Laboratory And Real-Life Challenges Although homeostasis is a common characteristic of the underlying physiology of humans and...

Due to the increased awareness of the important influences of emotional and behavioral factors on health and illness, the last...

Despite inconsistencies and ambiguities associated with the concepts of stress and coping, the popular press regularly discusses the ill effects...

Religion and health have always been, and continue to be, important aspects of human existence. Throughout history, civilizations believed that...

Political economy is the study of the social relations, particularly the power relations, that mutually constitute the production, distribution, and...

The term “privatization” refers to the transfer of property and/or operations from state or public ownership and control into private...

Just as there are numerous kinds of media – from electronic to print, local to worldwide – so too are...

The idea of public goods has been subject to considerable debate and contestation. The term is generally used to classify...

One of the most oft-cited approaches to studying media effects that emerged in the early 1970s is known as the...

The evening news on TV presents extensive coverage of an oil spill just off the Spanish coast. The audience sees...

Because of the extensive penetration of media into society, and the different purposes and types of information conveyed, there are...

The term “availability heuristic” refers to a judgmental rule of thumb for estimating frequencies and probabilities. It states that individuals...

Albert Bandura is a pioneering researcher of social modeling in the media (Zimmerman & Schunk 2002). He was born on...

Catharsis theory has played an important role in the discussion about the effects of violence in the mass media for...

The term business simulations refers to exercises that represent processes involved in the production and delivery of goods and services....

The assessment and investigation of vocational processes represents some of the most active and sustained contributions that have derived from...

FIRO-B is an acronym for Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior, a psychological instrument developed by William C. Schutz and fully described...

Career-development theorists tend to ignore one of the most basic facts of life—that while people are busy making a living,...

Career assessment involves an ongoing process of gathering information to assist clients to make career-related decisions. Useful information to gather...

Multicultural Career Counseling Checklist As societies, especially in the United States, have become more diverse, counselors are expected to be...

The occupational card sort is a technique used by career counselors to assist persons who are unclear about their present...

Performance modeling refers to the complex process of describing and defining job performance and facilitating the consequent goal of accurate...

The prescreening, in-depth exploration, and choice (PIC) model, proposed by Gati and Asher in 2001, provides a practical systematic framework...

Process and outcome research are two interconnected research methodologies that identify the processes that go on in counseling sessions and...

Polygyny is defined as marriage between one man and two or more wives concurrently. It is one form of polygamy,...

Polygamy allows marriage to more than one person at the same time. The practice of polygamy, or plural marriage, includes...

Polytheism (from the Greek polutheos, “many gods”) denotes a theological system involving a belief in, and worship of, multiple divinities....

The pongids are the four great apes: orangutan, gorilla, chimpanzee, and bonobo. Rigorous primate-behavior field research during the last fifty...

Karl Popper was one of the greatest political philosophers and philosophers of science of the mid-20th century. Born in Vienna...

The term population is commonly used in the realm of statistics. For a statistician, the term refers to a collection...

Positivism is a philosophical movement and a system of ideas that includes a broad methodological approach and a theory of...

One of the basic principles of postcolonial thinking is that you really should not say, “one of the basic principles...

In few areas is it more problematic to arrive at a clean definition than it is for postmodernism. Not the...

Potassium argon [K/AR] dating is a radiometric technique that can be applied throughout the time span of the Earth from...