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The Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI) is one of two inventories operationalizing John L. Holland’s person-environment fit theory. The other inventory,...

The Wechsler Intelligence Scales consist of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for...

The Wonderlic Personnel Test (WPT) is one of the most widely used tests of general cognitive ability (g). A recent...

Competent career planning is generally understood to rest on a tripod of interests, skills or abilities, and values. Interests and...

Academic advising has been important to the success of undergraduates in colleges and universities since the beginning of American higher...

Age discrimination is one of the fastest-growing areas of employment law. The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), the federal...

Organizational assimilation is a necessary process that benefits both organizations and newcomers. Some perceive assimilation to be a negative necessity...

Biculturalism refers to an individual’s ability to interact competently in two different or disparate cultural systems. Cultural systems are based...

Many individuals feel “burned out” from their jobs. Indeed, job burnout can be a substantial obstacle to employee and organizational...

The new era of organizational life has ushered in critical changes in how people conceive of their careers and how...

The term mummy describes the corpse of an organism where decay is arrested for a considerable period of time and...

Lake Mungo is 1 of a series of 17 dry lakebeds in the Willandra Lakes World Heritage Area of Mungo...

George Peter Murdock was an American anthropologist, with strong roots in Yale University sociology, whose major contribution was the testing...

Museums of the late 20th and early 21st centuries are commonly defined as permanent nonprofit institutions that serve society by...

Music is an integral part of culture. Not only is it interesting in itself and an object worth studying as...

Native Americans of the Great Plains are an important part of popular culture. They have been represented in anthropological studies,...

The study of native peoples of Central and South America addresses many scientific and humanistic debates. It is a subject...

Our species, being a product of organic evolution, developed a complex social structure that reflects the biological structure of the...

Just as there is no single American Indian “language” and “culture,” so there is no single American Indian “religion.” There...

Raoul Naroll was an American anthropologist whose major contribution to anthropology and other social sciences, including history, was the development...

Eyewitnesses are often asked to indicate how confident they are in the accuracy of their identification and other testimony-relevant judgments....

Two general types of incidence surveys exist: the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) and the Crime Victim Surveys (CVS). The former...

Eyewitness research has repeatedly shown that exposure to postevent information can affect a witness’s ability to accurately report details of...

Informed consent practices have evolved over time after instances were documented in which research participants were not treated fairly or...

Coping strategies of adult rape victims refers to the ways in which rape victims respond to an assault. Most of...

The Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-Version 2 (MAYSI-2) is a brief, self-report screening tool designed to identify youths with special mental...

In contemporary society, a wide variety of violent content is reaching children through a variety of media including television, movies,...

To obtain a criminal conviction, the prosecution must establish the presence of two elements at the time of the crime—namely,...

Mental health courts are specialty criminal courts with a separate docket to deal with mentally ill persons, who are disproportionately...

Recently, researchers and juvenile justice administrators have recognized that rates of mental health disorders are remarkably high among adolescent offenders....

In the 1930s to the 1960s, the field of psychosomatic medicine dominated the application of psychological theory and intervention to...

How do people understand and think about (“mentally represent”) health and illness? What rules govern the way people create, maintain,...

There is a long history of community intervention in the field of public health. Mitler’s review of contemporary approaches to...

Contraception refers to preventing conception, the process by which a sperm from a fertile male joins with an ovum (egg)...

When a person experiences a stressful event, he or she has to handle the problem in some way. Some persons,...

Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors and Biobehavioral Mechanisms Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries....

Dementia is an acquired clinical condition characterized by persistent and often progressive impairment in multiple intellectual domains, such as memory...

Denial refers to both the complete lack of awareness of a distressing thought, emotion, or memory and avoidant processes aimed...

For more than a quarter-century, health psychology approaches to dentistry and oral health have been active and productive areas of...

Depression Definition Depression is a common disorder primarily characterized by either a low or depressed mood or a loss of...

A news cycle is a round of coverage once measured in the number of hours between each issue of a...

News workers are those engaged in the production of the written, visual, or audio texts designated as news and information...

The newspaper is the oldest and arguably the most important of all media for journalism. More journalists work in newspapers...

Online journalism involves the delivery of news content through a networked, digital medium. The Internet and world wide web are...

Peace journalism is an attempt at persuasive communication, usually by a social movement, to advocate in favor of ending war...

Political journalists, viewed through the lens of the editorial organization, are those who report on political affairs or work on...

Precision journalism is the use of social and behavioral science research methods to gather and analyze data, bringing a level...

Newsmakers arrange a press conference to announce news to groups of reporters. The meetings vary in size, setting, and subject....

Printers acted as editors from the origin of printing in eastern and western society. But Gutenberg’s press in the mid-fifteenth...

The professionalization of journalism refers to the process by which a category of workers engaged in reporting and commentary in...