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The Hall Occupational Orientation Inventory (HALL), first published in 1968, was developed by Lacy G. Hall to provide a more...

The Level I: Life Style Inventory (LSI) was originally developed by J. Clayton Lafferty in 1973. The Level I: LSI...

The Minnesota Clerical Test (MCT) first was published under the title of the Minnesota Vocational Test for Clerical Workers in...

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) is a 567-item, true-or-false measure of personality and psychological symptoms. It can be administered...

Occupational classification systems are schemas for grouping jobs and job data. Government agencies often use occupational classification systems to standardize...

The Personal Globe Inventory (PGI) is a new interest inventory based on a spherical model of interests that measures activity...

The Rokeach Values Survey (RVS) was originally developed in 1973 by Milton Rokeach. The RVS is one of the most...

The Sixteen Personality Questionnaire (16PF) is one of the oldest commercially available measures of normal adult personality. It is used...

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale is an individually administered assessment of intelligence and cognitive abilities. The Stanford-Binet has a wide variety...

Although rarely used by career counselors and practitioners, traditional projective techniques are experiencing a renaissance because they provide a long-tested...

New World monkeys (NWMs), also known as platyrrhines, live in tropical forest environments from southern Mexico down through South America....

Old World monkeys (OWMs) are one of two major groups of monkeys, consisting of all primates belonging to the family...

Monogamy refers to the norm or condition of a single male mating with a single female by forming a “pair...

Some might consider Ashley Montagu to be the original sociobiologist, but either they misunderstand the subject or they misunderstand the...

Lewis Henry Morgan was an influential 19th-century ethnologist who dedicated most of his career to kinship studies. He documented an...

Michel Eyquem de Montaigne was influential as a Renaissance courtier during the reign of Charles IX and, especially, as the...

For decades, there has been a consensus on the migration of people through the Americas. Some 12,000 years ago, as...

The Yale University professor of political and social science William Sumner (1840-1910) coined the term mores from the Latin word...

For the first 50 years of her life, Elaine Morgan (née Floyd) did not seem like someone who would be...

One of the first investigators of the “blood relationship” of organisms was George Henry Falkiner Nuttall. Early in the 20th...

Competency to confess refers to a suspect’s ability to make a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary waiver of the Miranda warnings...

The legal standard for competency to stand trial in the United States was articulated by the U.S. Supreme Court in...

Appellate review of a felony conviction is a constitutional right. The validity of a relinquishment of this or any other...

In the United States, it is permissible, with the approval of the judge, for a criminal defendant to act as...

Complex litigation tends to get framed as a problem for the jury system, but it is more properly viewed as...

Many people are familiar with the live lineups and photo lineups shown in television crime dramas. Increasingly, however, police departments...

Conditional release programs for persons acquitted by reason of insanity (not guilty by reason of insanity or NGRI) are designed...

Conduct disorder (CD) is a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates the rights of others or age-appropriate norms...

Confession evidence is highly potent, and its incriminating effects are difficult to erase. This research paper describes the impact of...

The confidence that eyewitnesses express in their decision at an identification test or lineup has long been recognized within the...

Arthritis literally means “joint inflammation.” The terms arthritis and rheumatic disease are usually used interchangeably. These chronic diseases and conditions,...

Asthma is a reversible obstructive respiratory disorder that produces impaired breathing, which may be accompanied by other respiratory symptoms, such...

Psychosocial Aspects of Atherosclerosis Mental or emotional stress has long been considered among the risk factors for heart attack. To...

Binge Eating Definition Binge eating is eating a large amount of food in a small amount of time. It is...

The term biofeedback has come to be defined as the process of monitoring some biological event with an instrument designed...

Biopsychosocial Model Background George Engel’s 1977 article in the prestigious journal Science introduced the biopsychosocial model as a replacement for...

Bulimia Definition Bulimia literally means “ox hunger” and is short for bulimia nervosa—an eating disorder characterized by binge eating episodes...

Cancer, the uncontrolled abnormal growth of cells, is diagnosed in over one million Americans each year (American Cancer Society). This...

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), also known as chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome (CFIDS) and myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), is a...

A chronic illness is defined as an illness that is enduring. The course of the disease may be progressive or...

An important concept to apply in describing how journalists in different cultures and media systems understand their work and its...

In a social context, scholars conceptualize minority groups on the basis of social status. Whether from a domestic or an...

US President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906 admonished writers who exposed the wrongdoings by business, industry, and government. Borrowing a phrase...

The term “new journalism” commonly refers to a style of literary reportage created in the 1960s by predominantly young American...

News agencies are transnational media organizations that write and distribute stories and their components, such as images and interviews, to...

 “Ideology” has two related definitions: a set of shared ideas that order group life, and the ways that such a...

Myth is a concept used to explore the storytelling practices of journalists. From this perspective, myth is not a false...

Sources are the individuals that reporters interview to obtain information. It is on this information that news stories are based....

News routines are repeated practices and forms that make it easier for journalists to accomplish tasks in an uncertain world...

A news story is the standard format that journalists employ for producing the texts they publish in the media. In...