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The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) is the most widely used multiple-aptitude test battery in the United States. CAT-ASVAB,...

The Bennett Mechanical Comprehension Test (BMCT) measures aptitude to comprehend mechanical applications in realistic situations. The original form was published...

The Butcher Treatment Planning Inventory (BTPI) is a behaviorally oriented, 210-item, true-or-false measure of factors relevant to psychological treatment planning....

The California Psychological Inventory (CPI) was first published in 1956. It has a historical relationship to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality...

The Campbell Interest and Skill Survey (CISS), developed by David P. Campbell, measures self-reported interests and skills. Used primarily in...

Samuel H. Osipow, with a colleague and several graduate students, developed the Career Decision Scale (CDS) at The Ohio State...

Interest inventories are commonly used to assist high school and college students with vocational choices. However, the results of such...

The Career Thoughts Inventory (CTI) is a theory-based assessment and intervention resource intended to improve thinking in career problem solving...

An individual’s career development and success are influenced by the attributes that differentiate that person from other people. These individual...

The General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB) is a work-related multiple-ability assessment developed by the U.S. Employment Service (USES), a division...

Modal personality was the term used by anthropologist Cora DuBois in her 1944 monograph The Peoples of Alor: A Social-Psychological...

Models are simplified representations of reality that help people to handle the largely undifferentiated mass of stimuli that impinges on...

In 1936, Ralph von Koenigswald announced the discovery of a fossil cranium from a very young child outside the village...

Since the beginning of excavation at this complex of mounds in 1921-1922, Mohenjo Daro became the most famous site of...

Desmond Morris has been referred to as a Renaissance man. He is widely known in both scientific and artistic circles....

Friedrich Max Muller was a prominent 19th-century scholar whose voluminous writings popularized the study of Indo-European languages, comparative linguistics, mythology,...

Culture cannot be defined simply by our ethnic background. It is also family, religion, profession, interests, gender, child-rearing practices, educational...

Monasticism, from the Greek root meaning “alone” (mono) and from the Latin monachus (monk), refers to an institutionalized religious form...

Located in Northeast Asia between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China, landlocked Mongolia covers an area of...

On July 10, 1925, a high school biology teacher, John T. Scopes of Dayton, Tennessee, was charged in court with...

A bias in an identification procedure is any factor— other than recognition—that leads witnesses to select a person. Clothing bias...

Eyewitness information is the key element in solving many crimes, yet the police are often poorly trained in conducting information-gathering...

Over the past 15 years, the number of people under correctional supervision in the United States has more than doubled....

The Competence Assessment for Standing Trial for Defendants With Mental Retardation (CAST*MR) consists of 50 questions and was designed to...

The law in the United States requires that criminal defendants be competent to participate in the adjudicatory proceedings against them....

Evaluations of competency to stand trial are the most common source of referrals to forensic mental health practitioners. While the...

The Competence to Stand Trial Assessment Instrument, often called the Competency Assessment Instrument (CAI), was developed in 1973 as a...

The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits cruel and unusual punishment, which, according to the U.S. Supreme Court decision...

The Competency Screening Test (CST) was developed to address the unnecessary pretrial detention and commitment of individuals charged with crimes...

The question of whether an individual is competent to be sentenced hinges on the broader question “What is competence?” In...

Although  there  are  an  almost  infinite  number of possible team attributions, attributions are best understood when classified into underlying dimensions. ...

Organized  youth  sport  became  popular  in  the 1920s  (in  the  United  Kingdom,  at  least)  in  part based  on  the  idea ...

The  coach–athlete  relationship  is  a  unique  interpersonal  relationship  characterized  by  mutually and  interconnected  thoughts,  feelings,  and  emotions  between  an  athlete ...

Peers  have  a  particularly  powerful  social  influence  on  youth  development,  particularly  during adolescence.  Positive  peer  interactions  can  help adolescents acquire...

The   developmental   psychologist   Jacquelynne Eccles  suggested  that  parents  influence  their  children’s  involvement  in  sport  in  three  ways:  as providers,  role ...

The most commonly and consistently cited motives for  participating  in  sport  are  developing  and  displaying  competence  (from  learning  new  skills),...

How do talented children become elite adult athletes? Many young people start on the road toward becoming  professional  athletes,  but ...

Accidental injuries (also called unintentional injuries) are a significant public health problem in the United States. Unintentional injuries accounted for...

Demographics of Aging Older adults represent a large and growing segment of the population, both in the United States and...

According to recent national surveys, most noninstitutionalized individuals in the United States who are 12 years of age or older...

Gender and journalism became a popular area of study in the mid-1990s when gender in media studies gained recognition as...

Interpretive (or interpretative) journalism goes beyond the basic facts of an event or topic to provide context, analysis, and possible...

Within journalism, the interview is traditionally known as a tool for gathering story material, but it is also a finished...

Investigative journalism is the product of independent work by reporters and editors, which reveals a public or social issue that...

Journalism education is instruction for work in the news departments of media organizations, both print and electronic. The instruction can...

Several factors shape journalists’ everyday news decisions, their general concepts of what is newsworthy, and their understanding of quality, as...

The history of journalism, inclusively defined, encompasses the history of news and news media, including, among other things, the history...

Normative theories of journalism concern ideal functions of the press, what the press should do. These purposes are best understood...

Credibility is a central professional value for journalists. For audiences, perceived credibility of the media affects choices of and responses...

Joining a professional journalist association usually requires gaining one’s main livelihood by working fulltime in the editorial department of a...