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The National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) obtains, on an annual basis, information from tens of thousands of students at...

The My Vocational Situation scale (MVS) is a self-report screening tool developed for use with high school, college, and adult career...

The Minnesota Importance Questionnaire (MIQ) is a measure of work needs and work values. Work needs are a person’s requirements...

The Employee Aptitude Survey (EAS), used for more than 50 years in selection and career counseling, was developed to yield...

The College Student Experiences Questionnaire (CSEQ) is a versatile tool that assesses the quality of effort college students expend in...

The career style interview (CSI) consists of six questions and is the primary means of assessment for those interested in...

The Career Planning Survey is a paper-based career assessment system designed to help students in Grades 8 through 10 identify...

Dealing with career indecision has long been a focus of theory and research, and helping clients to overcome their difficulties...

The Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale (CDSE) was developed by Karen Taylor and Nancy Betz in order to apply Albert Bandura’s...

The Strong Interest Inventory, published by CPP, Inc., and commonly referred to as the Strong, is one of the most...

The Mbuti Pygmies, referred to as BaMbuti or Bambuti, are an ancient group of hunters and gatherers living deep in...

Theodore Doney McCown, an American biological (physical) anthropologist, is best known for three major contributions he made to his science....

Herbert Marshall McLuhan was born on July 21, 1911. The proud parents sent out announcements heralding the birth with the...

Margaret Mead, the most prominent and recognized anthropologist of the 20th century, had a profound influence on anthropology and feminism....

Medical genetics is the study of the interrelationship between human biological variation, including both genetic and environmental sources, and the...

The term medicine man is derived from (a) the French Jesuit observance of certain individuals with healing roles among Canadian...

In 1949, based on the large size of a single mandible, G. H. R. von Koenigswald named a new hominid...

A sociologist by training, Hugh (“Bud”) Mehan has made important contributions to the anthropology of schooling, particularly with regard to...

Throughout antiquity, skin coloration has had a tremendous impact on humanity, causing various health effects along with discrimination and racism...

Memes are items that evolve in an evolutionary process covering the social and cultural domain only. They are sociocultural analogues...

It is well established that if a verdict option is favored by a substantial (e.g., two-thirds) majority of jurors prior...

Lineup fillers prevent unreliable witnesses from guessing the identity of the police suspect and should allow for a fair recognition...

A lineup is constructed by placing a person suspected of committing a crime (the suspect) among a collection of innocent...

Litigation stress is best understood as consisting of negative physical and psychological reactions to being involved in a legal action....

The MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Clinical Research (MacCAT-CR) provides a semi-structured assessment format for evaluating abilities related to the...

Mental health professionals often conduct evaluations to assist courts in determining whether a criminal defendant is competent to participate in...

The MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment (MacCAT-T) is an instrument designed to assess decision-making capacity. Designed as part of...

Violence risk assessment is now widely assumed by policy makers and the public to be a core skill of the...

The Malingering Probability Scale (MPS) was developed in the mid-1990s as a self-report instrument to estimate the probability of malingering,...

Treating people with a mental disorder without their consent always has been the defining human rights issue in mental health...

Like  sport  psychology  (SP),  the  field  of  sport psychiatry  may  involve  utilization  of  psychological  approaches  to  enhance  athletic  performance. However, ...

Eras in the History of Sport Psychology The history of sport psychology has often been organized  into  six  key  eras ...

The  fact  that  groups  can  influence  outcomes important  to  both  the  individual  and  the  group has been recognized for decades....

Cohesion  represents  the  degree  to  which  task and social bonds exist among group members, as well as the strength of...

Albert  Bandura  defined  collective  efficacy  (CE) as a group’s shared belief in its conjoint capabilities to organize and execute the...

Competition  is  often  described  as  a  contest,  or  a process  of  contesting,  between  two  or  more  parties (organisms, individuals, or...

In  1954,  Muzafer  Sherif,  O.  J.  Harvey,  B.  Jack White,  William  R.  Hood,  and  Carolyn  W.  Sherif undertook a project...

Conformity refers to the process of matching one’s actions or beliefs with the behavior and norms of those around us....

A group is defined as a social aggregate of two or more people that involves mutual awareness, interaction,  and  interdependence ...

Why do groups form and how do groups develop? In this entry, different perspectives on group development  are  examined.  There ...

In 1959, sociologist Erving Goffman published The presentation of self in everyday life. The heuristic value of the concepts he...

Sibling relationships can be important and influential throughout the lifespan. During childhood, siblings can influence both personality development and behavior....

Human survival is based on the ability to exchange resources, and as a result of evolution, the human brain has...

How someone behaves verbally, physically, or through their presence in a social context influences the behavior of other people in...

Social support is a diverse, multidisciplinary area of study that addresses the question: why do people who are involved in...

Given that the experience of uncertainty, in some form, is a part of nearly every interaction, it should come as...

Uncertainty reduction theory explains both how interpersonal communication is affected by a lack of knowledge and how people use communication...

Verbal aggressiveness and argumentativeness are distinct but closely related concepts that apply to conflictual interpersonal interaction. Verbal aggressiveness is the...

The term advocacy journalism describes the use of journalism techniques to promote a specific political or social cause. The term...

Alternative journalism is a fluid concept, often casually attributed to a wide array of media practices unified only by being...