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In the 20th century, value inquiry had been greatly influenced by numerous impressive developments in biology, anthropology, and psychology, as...

Instinct is the general term applied to unlearned behavior. Behavior is a result of neural wiring and the response of...

Intelligence is a concept that is believed to be made up of a set of complex behaviors. It is described...

Intercultural education may be viewed as an application of cultural anthropology to the design and implementation of formal educational curricula,...

When the United States decided to reverse the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, it did not act unilaterally. It turned to...

The Iron Age is the final period of European prehistory. The beginning of the European Iron Age is conventionally defined...

Inuit is the term used to identify the indigenous peoples of the Canadian Arctic. Inuit (singular, Inuk) means “people” in...

Rain-fed agriculture, the converse of irrigated agriculture, has traditionally meant cultivation of plants without adding additional water beyond that which...

One of the world’s major and fastest-growing religions, Islam is practiced by about 1.3 billion adherents throughout the world, about...

On May 14,1948, the State of Israel declared its independence. Located in the Middle East, it is bordered by Lebanon,...

One   approach   to   understanding   the   effects   of  exercise  on  the  brain  and  the  cortical  processes  underlying  peak  performance  is  to ...

Electromyography (EMG) is an electrical record of muscle activation. It is a measure that is recorded by placing sensors on...

Participants in sports and other performance settings routinely encounter emotionally salient cues or  stimuli  that  can  affect  the  quality  and ...

The  female  athlete  triad  (triad)  refers  to  the  co-occurrence  of  three  interrelated  conditions:  low energy  availability,  menstrual  dysfunction,  and low ...

Research and application in sport and exercise psychology (SEP) has relied heavily on psychophysiological applications. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure...

Evidence  suggests  the  challenges  of  injury  recovery  may  not  cease  at  the  completion  of  athletes’ physical  rehabilitation.  Over  the  past ...

The limbic system is composed of a group of brain structures associated with various functions, most notably emotion, cognition, fear,...

The  term  mirror  neurons  refers  to  neurons  that show  spike  activity  in  response  to  the  performance  of  an  action  and ...

In the fields of neuroscience and cognitive science, human  cognition  is  broadly  defined  as  a  component  of  brain  function  that ...

The statement “No sweet without sweat!” is well known by athletes of any age. It expresses the time and cost...

The concept of culture was first found useful by social anthropologists in studies of tribal societies. More recently, it has...

Studies of culture have been conducted in a variety of productive ways in several academic fields; one might say the...

Specific communication disabilities affect the ability to understand and produce language. The most common hearing disabilities are congenital deafness and...

Diversity has become an important topic in workplaces around the world, as nations experience changes in demographics. Many countries are...

The vitality of language communities can affect the quality of intergroup communication between speakers of contrasting language groups. This is...

One of the most controversial topics that a democratic society faces is the issue of regulating the speech of its...

Arab satellite television emerged in the context of the 1991 Gulf War. Since then, the evolution of the industry has...

The term “Americanization” has been used with varying intended meaning and with varying degrees of precision over the last three...

Advertising is the key link in the mutually sustained global expansion of consumer goods and services industries and the media...

The journalist Walter Lippmann introduced the notion of stereotypes in 1922 and described them as “pictures in our heads”. Current...

Handwriting analysis, or graphology, as it is otherwise called, is the study of an individual’s handwriting sample done in order...

This article outlines the main schools within the broad area of career theory, which here have been defined as (a)...

A hostile working environment is an evolving theory of discrimination that derives from various federal antidiscrimination statutes that prohibit discrimination...

Human capital consists of the knowledge, skills, general intelligence, educational attainments, and personality characteristics of an individual and covers all...

A person’s identity develops as a consequence of the interplay between biological, psychological, sociological, and historical influences. At its core,...

Impression management (IM) is the process by which people attempt to influence the images that others have of them. That...

The Industrial Revolution refers to a societal shift that occurred when agricultural economies changed to economies driven by industry. The...

It is no secret that jobs vary widely with respect to the pay, benefits, security of employment, and intrinsic rewards...

To find the best employees, companies and organizations conduct time-intensive and costly recruiting activities resulting in numerous interviews with multiple...

Integrity testing refers to the task of assessing an individual’s integrity, usually within a preemployment assessment situation, for the purposes...

The Ik are a hunter-gatherer and agricultural group who live in the Morungole mountains, around the Kidepo Valley, in northeastern...

The incest taboo, considered a universal taboo, forbids marriage or sexual relations with a close relative. However, there are problems...

The term evolution comes from the Latin word evolvere, which means to develop or to unfold. It is equivalent to...

The Iroquoians are a group of linguistically related Native American nations that occupied portions of eastern North America for over...

The content of Indian philosophy signifies the unbroken philosophical lineage beginning with the Rig Veda (ca. 2000 BCE), flagging one...

Rituals are part of India’s rich cultural heritage. Religion is one of the prime social areas in which rituals function....

The Southeast Asian country of Indonesia is composed of 17,508 islands (6,000 inhabited) and straddles the equator from the Indian...

In the second half of the third millennium (25001900 BC), a civilization flourished in the northwestern sector of the Indian...

Native individuals who provide information to an ethnographer during fieldwork are referred to as informants. The term implies a procedure...

The Ejagham civilization is one of the most ancient civilizations in the world. The Ejagham nation extends from Manyu Division...