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Psychologists may become involved with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) through consultations with employers and workers or as an...

Amicus curiae literally means “friend of the court,” and the author of an amicus curiae brief is an entity who...

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is characterized by a lifelong pattern of behavior that violates the law and other people’s rights....

Prior to viewing a lineup, eyewitnesses to crimes are often given various instructions by lineup administrators. Among these is the...

Automatism is an excuse defense against criminal liability for defendants who committed a presumptively criminal act in a state of...

The bail-setting decision is one of the early court decisions made in a case, and it has attracted attention from...

Battered woman syndrome (BWS), first proposed in the 1970s after research demonstrated the psychological impact from domestic violence on the...

The most common form of syndrome testimony that has been introduced in the courtroom is battered woman syndrome testimony. For...

The behavior analysis interview (BAI) is a set of 15 predetermined standardized questions designed to elicit differential responses from innocent...

Bias crime represents the nadir of intergroup relationships and contact. Prejudice and bigotry give rise to bias crime, and bigotry...

Defining communication in Africa as well as the African diaspora is a complex task involving both cultural commonalities and differences....

Collective action may be defined as any behavior that is directed at fulfilling a goal shared by two or more...

Approaching bilingualism and multilingualism from a communication perspective sheds light on a phenomenon which otherwise would appear static and asocial....

William B. Gudykunst (1985) extended Berger and Calabrese’s (1975) uncertainty reduction theory to explain the reduction of uncertainty in intergroup...

Millions of people cross cultural boundaries each year. Immigrants and refugees seek a new life away from their familiar grounds,...

Visual perception is a seemingly effortless process for most people. However, it is not the case that the human brain...

Speech fluency refers to clear oral communication devoid of speech errors. A speaker who is able to deliver a message...

Selective attention refers to the differential processing of multiple sources of information that are available at the same time (Johnston...

Understanding and production of messages and social behaviors are based on communicators’ prior knowledge, which is organized and structured by...

Journalism ethics is a branch of applied philosophy of moral values and rules. Beginning with moral issues in medicine, the...

There is no strict legal definition of early retirement, as a mandatory retirement age is illegal for most occupations in...

When employees regulate their emotions in order to display the emotions that are expected of them in workplace interactions, they...

Historically, the majority of employability research and practice pertained to vocational rehabilitation or to the attractiveness and selection of job...

Employee participation in organizational decision making allows employees to have a say in decisions that affect their working lives in...

Employment advertising is a medium for posting employment opportunities through ads that appear in public media, most notably newspapers, magazines,...

Unlike many years ago, when employers and employees began the working relationship with a simple trusting handshake, today’s employment often...

One of the most frequently discussed topics in contemporary management literature is the notion of employee empowerment. Empowerment is generally...

Entrepreneurship is the recognition and exploitation of market opportunities. Recognizing that an opportunity exists is not enough; to be entrepreneurial...

Awareness has been defined as a relatively complete and accurate perception of individuals’ qualities and the characteristics of their environments....

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is a five-member commission appointed by the president of the United States and confirmed...

For more than 50 million years, the canopy environment has placed stringent evolutionary conditions upon existence within its domain. Primates...

One common characteristic seen across the whole primate species is its competitive nature. Whether it’s competing to rise in the...

Human dignity is of central importance today, particularly in the fields of medical ethics and bioethics, as it represents a...

As a term indicating well-developed skills pertaining to performing various tasks for personal gain and group benefit, human excellence may...

The Human Genome Project (HGP) is an international project that was coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy and the...

Paleontology is the study of fossil animals and plants. Human paleontology focuses exclusively on fossils related to the human lineage....

The term human rights refers to a set of legal and normative standards according to which all humans are ordained...

Every day, year after year, women grotesquely disfigured by fire are taken to Victoria Hospital’s burn ward here in India’s...

Human variation, historically a topic of much opinion, debate, and fallacy, is ruled today by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology that...

Within the discipline of anthropology, the subfield of humanism focuses on reason, logic, and scientific explanations for human existence, being...

The Ackerman-Schoendorf Parent Evaluation of Custody Test (ASPECT) was among the first forensic assessment instruments developed specifically for use in...

Although the early juvenile justice system did not require that adolescent defendants be able to understand and participate in their...

The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), developed by Mary Main and associates, has been identified as an effective, psychometrically sound instrument...

If a defendant is found guilty of a capital crime, the triers of fact are called on to weigh the...

Aggravating factors are elements of the crime or the defendant’s prior criminal record that not only make the defendant eligible...

Alcohol consumption has a significant effect on eyewitness identification abilities, including the accuracy of perpetrator descriptions and identification accuracy in...

An alibi, in its most basic form, is a plea that one was not present when a crime was being...

Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) has come to refer broadly to a range of processes (e.g., bilateral negotiation, fact finding, mediation,...

The AMBER Alert system was designed to help rescue missing children. Law enforcement entities release information about the child and...

The question of how individuals with severe mental disabilities should be sentenced when they are convicted of capital (death penalty)...