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Ethics is at the heart of health communication. Ethical issues are embedded in a wide array of health communication activities...

Action assembly theory (AAT) seeks to explain message behavior (both verbal and nonverbal) by describing the system of mental structures...

The body of work on aging and information processing has consistently indicated that, generally, cognitive performance deteriorates with age (Park...

Aging affects many aspects of message production and processing. The nature of conversation changes: unlike young adults, dyads of older...

Mass communication’s impact has been shown at an individual level and in society at large, yet all mass communication must...

The concept of attention is one of the oldest and most commonly used in the communication literature. The concept is...

Attitude accessibility concerns how quickly an attitude is activated from memory. Attitudes that are more accessible from memory are more...

Attributions are the cognitive and communicative processes involved in making sense of why someone acted the way he or she...

The central question addressed by the concept of attitude–behavior consistency is whether people act in accord with their attitudes. In...

The functional approach to attitudes specifies that people hold attitudes because those attitudes serve a purpose. Functions address the psychological...

Internet Careers Background Perhaps you’re a casual user of the Internet, occasionally surfing the Web and exchanging email. Perhaps you’ve...

The primary function of the newspaper and magazine publishing industries is to inform the public. Newspapers provide details, explanations, and...

Publishing Careers Background The origins of publishing remain unknown. Historians have proposed various theories on the subject, but the best...

Do the following statements describe you? Your computer is your favorite possession. You like to program for fun. People often...

In general, sports psychologists work with amateur and professional athletes to improve their mental and physical health, as well as...

Affirmative action (AA) is a public policy designed to eliminate systemic bias against members of under-represented groups in employment and...

Along with race and gender, people commonly use age to categorize and form stereotypes about others. Ageism consists of a...

The American Counseling Association (ACA) is the world’s largest association exclusively representing professional counselors in all their various practice settings....

The American Psychological Association (APA), the world’s largest psychology organization, has worked for more than 100 years to advance psychology...

Anticipatory socialization is a term used to describe a variety of programs and initiatives offered by organizations that allow prospective...

The Guarani Nandeva are an Amerindian group located in the Gran Chaco. Though most currently reside in Paraguay, Bolivia and...

Johannes Gensfleisch zum Gutenberg is generally credited with the simultaneous invention of movable metal typefaces as well as the concept...

The Western use of the term gypsy denotes an ethnic group believed to have migrated out from India approximately 1,200...

Alfred Cort Haddon can take credit as the man most responsible for establishing and legitimating anthropology as an academic discipline...

In Germany, Ernst Heinrich Haeckel devoted his life to defending Darwin’s theory of biological evolution. He was not reluctant to...

The word Haida is a derivative from the words Ou Haadas, meaning “inlet people,” the name replied when asked by...

Haiti is a country in the Caribbean that occupies one third of the island of Hispaniola. When Christopher Columbus set...

Since the beginning of excavation at this complex of mounds in 1920 to 1921, Harappa has remained the type site...

Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection requires heritable variation for selection to work on. In Darwin’s time, thinking about...

Harry F. Harlow is best known for his studies of mother love and the importance of social interaction in primate...

Corporal punishment is the intentional infliction of physical pain with the goal of changing problem behavior. In 1974, the American...

On April 20, 1999, what is considered one of the worst school shootings in U.S. history occurred at Columbine High...

As more attention has been focused on school-based bullying, states have moved to enact appropriate legislation that penalizes students who...

In 2000, there were 15,586 murders committed in the United States. Despite this large number, a single violent incident in...

Bowling for Columbine (2002) is the most well-known documentary film to address school violence. Written and directed by filmmaker and...

On November 20, 2006, 18-year-old Sebastian Bosse entered his former high school in northwestern Germany, where he shot five people...

Athletes are over-represented in a number of categories of school crime and violence–in particular, dating/domestic violence and sexual assault. Yet...

In 2000, the U.S. Secret Services used its threat assessment model to examine the cases of 41 people who had...

Feminist theory is a body of literary, philosophical, and sociological analysis that explores the inequality that exists between men and...

Social learning theory – is one of the most popular explanatory perspectives in the marital violence literature. Often conceptualized as the...

Vision is the process of seeing and perceiving the surrounding  environment  by  using  information contained  in  light.  Appropriate  visual  information  is ...

In  anatomical  terms,  sensation  and  movement are each represented across distributed regions in the  human  brain.  Somatosensory  information— that  is, ...

The eyes perceive spatial information with full acuity when light falls on a small region at the back of the ...

A  verbal  protocol  or  verbal  report  is  a  cognitive task analysis (CTA) technique designed to elicit a verbalizable report of...

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method of activating regions of the brain by small electric currents generated by...

Expertise in sport, or the growth of specialist athletic  knowledge  and  skills  as  a  result  of  effortful experience, has attracted...

Within current theory, it is proposed that a performer’s  psychological  state  (e.g.,  self-confidence, motivation,  anxiety,  and  attention)  is  considered to...

Affirmation is the act of reflecting on core aspects of  the  self,  such  as  important  values,  relationships,  and  personal  characteristics ...

The  term  attention  denotes  the  process  by  which we exert mental effort in focusing either on specific features  of  the ...

Breathing strategies are often used as the basis for several  advanced  relaxation  techniques,  including progressive  muscular  relaxation,  meditation,  and calming...