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Stereotypes are positive or negative generalizations indiscriminately attributed to members of a group (Tamborini et al. 2000). They have a...

The third-person effect was introduced into communication research by W. Phillips Davison in 1983. The term conceptualizes his impression that...

The term “video malaise” was coined by political scientist Michael Robinson in 1975 in reference to a hypothesis that viewership...

The bona fide group construct grew out of a concern over the external validity and generalizability of studies conducted on...

The Zande (or Azande, using the Zande plural prefix a-) are popular in anthropological literature thanks to the works of...

The Zapotec are an ethnic group that has long inhabited modern Oaxaca in Mexico. The ancient Zapotec produced one of...

A common feature in ancient Mesopotamian cities, a ziggurat was a square or rectilinear terraced platform with a temple at...

Zinjanthropus is an extinct hominin discovered by Mary Leakey in 1959 at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. The name Zinjanthropus literally means...

Zooarchaeology is the study of human beings and their relationship to nonhuman animals. Research in this area involves the analysis...

A zoological garden is an establishment housing collections of both wild and domestic animals that are exhibited to the public....

The largest Black ethnic group in South Africa is the Zulu, whose population stands at about nine million. The Zulu...

The Amerindians known as the Zuni, Zuni, or Aashiwi (as they call themselves) number slightly more than 10,000. Their 640-square-mile...

This article explores the pivotal role of correctional healthcare services within the intricate framework of the United States criminal justice...

This article explores gender-specific issues within the United States criminal justice process, focusing on corrections. The introduction provides a contextual...

This article delves into the intricate landscape of the rights afforded to incarcerated individuals within the United States’ criminal justice...

This article explores international perspectives on corrections and rehabilitation within the context of the US criminal justice system, aiming to...

This article explores the intricacies of the parole and probation systems within the United States’ criminal justice process. The introduction...

This article examines the history and evolution of parole and probation within the framework of the US criminal justice system....

This article delves into the multifaceted roles and significance of parole and probation officers within the U.S. criminal justice system....

This article delves into the intricate realm of parole and probation conditions within the United States criminal justice system. Beginning...

This article delves into the critical role of risk assessment in the parole and probation processes within the United States...

This article explores the multifaceted landscape of community supervision strategies within the United States criminal justice system. Beginning with an...

Humans act, at least partly, on the basis of how they think others expect them to act. This means that...

Although today’s mixture of theories and approaches combining interpersonal and mass communication is a two-sided one (incorporating researchers with training...

In The people’s choice, Paul F. Lazarsfeld and his colleagues laid out many of the key issues that disciplines such...

Media use is a central leisure-time activity for many families worldwide. Given the considerable time investment of family members in...

Communication scholars, psychologists, sociologists, and other social scientists have long been interested in how individuals interpret the real world around...

What do we mean when we say a story is realistic? At first, that may seem simple. One possibility is...

Beyond one’s own direct experiences of the world, humans rely on communication to form impressions about the rest of reality....

Meta-analyses have been conducted within the last twenty years in four areas in the field of perceived social reality. Their...

Research on small group communication has a long history of examining how participation in groups affects perceived reality. Groups often...

There are several definitions of pluralistic ignorance – in the fields of psychology, sociology, and communications the term is not...

Work is the labor, task, or duty that is one’s accustomed means of livelihood. Anthropologists among social scientists have debated...

Xenophanes was a Greek Presocratic philosopher, poet, rhapsode, and social and religious critic. Born circa 570 BC in the Ionian...

In the modern world, the diversity of cultures on this planet becomes more evident when seen in the process of...

The Yabarana are an Orinoquian indigenous group of Amazonas State, Venezuela. Most live along the banks of the Parucito River...

Since the early European-natives encounters, two main groups were identified in the southernmost region of the archipelago of Tierra del...

As one of the most famous of all cultures in anthropology and beyond, the Yanomami are ethnographic celebrities. They are...

Robert Mearns Yerkes was an American psychobiologist who was among the most influential psychologists of the early 20th century. Although...

Yeti is the mysterious giant bipedal creature of the eternal snows of the Himalayas. The yeti (yeh-teh) has always been a...

Y-STR is a relatively new term for geneticists, becoming common in DNA literature in the second half of the 1990s....

Zafarraya is a Mousterian site located within the El Boquete de Zafarraya (The Zafarraya Pass) of the Sierra Tejeda Mountains...

This article explores the pivotal role of mental health services within the corrections system in the United States. The introduction...

This article examines the pivotal role of Substance Abuse Treatment Programs within the US criminal justice system, addressing the pervasive...

This article delves into the pivotal role of correctional officers in the United States criminal justice system. Beginning with a...

The article provides a comprehensive exploration of prison safety and security measures within the context of the United States criminal...

This article examines the multifaceted phenomenon of solitary confinement within the United States criminal justice system, delving into its historical...

This article explores the multifaceted landscape of reentry and reintegration programs within the context of the United States criminal justice...

This article explores the multifaceted dimensions of the parole system and post-release supervision within the context of the US criminal...

This article explores the multifaceted realm of juvenile corrections and detention centers within the context of the United States’ criminal...