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Iconography is both a method and an approach to studying the content and meanings of visuals. In its colloquial use,...

Image ethics has never before been the subject of so much media criticism as at the present time. The use...

An infographic (or information graphic) is a visual explanation – for example, a chart, map, or diagram – that aids...

Ethos, commonly translated as “ethics” and “moral character,” is a fundamental term in the history of the western rhetorical tradition....

While social sciences of the twentieth century could be characterized by endeavors to “debiologize” human nature, evolutionary thinking has become...

The excellence theory is a general theory of public relations that resulted from a 15-year study of best practices in...

Common sense holds that exposure to media content can be associated with different levels of excitement and arousal. The specific...

The theory of excitation transfer addresses sequential dependencies in emotional reactivity. Specifically, it predicts an enhancement of emotional reactions to...

The term “exemplification effect” describes the influence of illustrating and aggregating case descriptions in media presentations on the recipients’ perceptions...

Human beings have a natural tendency to react with some degree of positive or negative affect to any object or...

People have expectations about how others should and will act in a given situation. Some expectations are based on personal...

Research utilizing experimentation is increasingly being conducted in venues outside the research laboratory. Such projects, when they involve the manipulation...

Research utilizing experimentation is undertaken in a variety of contexts and settings. Decisions concerning the circumstances under which to conduct...

Surveyors mark exact measurements and locations of elevations, points, lines, and contours on or near Earth’s surface. They measure distances...

Technical support specialists investigate and resolve problems in computer functioning. They listen to customer complaints, walk customers through possible solutions,...

Technical writers, sometimes called technical communicators, express technical and scientific ideas in easy-to-understand language. Technical editors revise written text to...

Traffic engineers study factors that influence traffic conditions on roads and streets, including street lighting, visibility, and location of signs...

Video game art directors play a key role in every stage of the creation of a video game, from formulating...

Video game producers are the liaison between the creative side of video game development, and the business side of marketing...

Video game testers examine new or modified video game applications to evaluate whether or not they perform at the desired...

Do you like performing experiments to test scientific hypotheses? Do you enjoy the challenges of working with numbers? Perhaps you...

Aerospace Careers Background Despite a slowdown in recent years, aerospace is a career field that continues to attract many people...

Agriculture Careers Background Rudimentary farming developed approximately 10,000 years ago. Archeological records reveal that people first planted seeds about 9000...

Ethnopharmacology is the cross-cultural study of how people use plants, animals, fungi, or other naturally occurring resources for medicinal purposes....

Ethnopsychiatry is that branch of medical anthropology focally concerned with mental health and illness. Historically, ethnopsychiatry studied the theories and...

Ethnosemantics, sometimes called “ethnoscience,” is the scientific study of the ways in which people label and classify the social, cultural,...

Ethology is a subdivision of biology that focuses on animal behavior that is innate—a study of animal behavior that holds...

Cognitive ethology is the study of higher mental functions in animals. Until about 1980, the possibility of cognitive powers in...

Etics is a term used by some cultural anthropologists to denote descriptions and explanations of human beliefs and behaviors that...

Eudysphoria is a neologism coined by A. Gaines to represent and characterize dysphoric (the Greek meaning “hard to bear”) affect...

Concept The term eugenics was coined by Sir Francis Galton in his book Inquiries into Human Faculty (1883). The term...

Euthenics is a branch of art and science that deals with the improvement of human functioning, efficiency, and well-being by...

Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard was a British social anthropologist known for his ethnographic work among the various tribes of Africa. Evans-Pritchard...

When people discuss family life there is often a confusion between family as kinship and family as household. The two...

Overall, the sociology of immigrant families represents a significant lacuna in the research on international migration. Although migratory flows have...

Women and men typically experience different rights and responsibilities in marriage, in spite of widespread beliefs in marital equality. These...

Infidelity is about being emotionally or sexually unfaithful. It is closely equated with non-monogamy, and as such is usually examined...

What is imagined by “intimacy” as a quality of relationships is often associated with particular ways of behaving (Davis 1973)....

Ten years ago studies of couple relationships emphasized marriage formation and dissolution (both separation and divorce). Marriage is still the...

The study of kinship tends to be associated more closely with social anthropology than with sociology. In large part, this...

With the aging of the population and increased life expectancy in western societies, there has been growing research interest in...

In the narrowest sense, the term ”lesbian and gay family” refers to lesbian and gay individuals or same sex couples...

The concept of the life course refers to the social processes shaping individuals’ journey through life, in particular their interaction...

Specialty courts, also referred to as problem- solving courts, have specially designed dockets that address one type of criminal offender....

Interviews are one tool among many used in various selection processes, including the law enforcement selection process. In general, the...

Since the early 1990s, scholars have begun to consider mental disability law issues through the filter of therapeutic jurisprudence, a...

The criminal trial is a formal process that is governed by the rules of criminal law, procedure, and evidence. Each...

Undercover policing is the process by which an officer removes the trappings of his or her office, such as one’s...

Veterans courts are a type of specialty criminal court for military veterans who have been arrested. They are closely modeled...

Wrongful convictions are cases in which a defendant is legally and/or factually innocent, but due to one or more errors...