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Derived from the Greek verb paskhein, meaning to be in a certain condition, to experience, or to suffer, pathos is...

This description of rhetoric in Africa will focus on two primary tendencies, namely, the valorization of the virtues of classical...

Rhetoric, argument, and persuasion come together in the study of argumentation. According to a handbook definition, argumentation is a verbal,...

This article presents an overview of recent rhetorical studies by scholars from universities in Central and South America, where there...

A basic sociological assumption is that human behavior is patterned, not random. Such patterns form social structures or stratifications that...

Rhetoric and dialectic are closely related theories of (and trainings in) persuasion. They have some distinct bodies of doctrine (e.g.,...

Common linguistic habits render information as an attribute of messages or data, or as the purpose of human communication –...

Information science (IS) is a multidisciplinary field concerned with “facilitating the effective communication of desired information between human generator and...

Harold Adams Innis (1894 –1952) was a Canadian economic historian turned communication theorist, whose research focused on the role of...

The term interaction is used in diverse social-scientific as well as natural-scientific fields of inquiry to identify a pattern of...

Interactivity is a relatively new, evolving, and still elusive concept in the study of communication, most frequently associated with new...

Intermediality refers to the interconnectedness of modern media of communication. As means of expression and exchange, the different media depend...

The term “knowledge interests” (Erkenntnisinteresse) was coined by German philosopher and social theorist Jürgen Habermas in his work Knowledge and...

Harold Dwight Lasswell (1902–1978), American political scientist with a specific interest in the symbolic aspects of politics, is considered one...

Paul Felix Lazarsfeld (1901–1976), Vienna-born sociologist, influenced by Ernst Mach, Henri Poincaré, and Albert Einstein, and intellectually close to the...

Linguistics is the study of language. Because linguists disagree on the scope of “language,” definitions of linguistics have varied. Descriptively,...

Pest control workers treat residential and commercial prop­erties with chemicals and mechanical traps to get rid of rodents, insects, and...

Personnel specialists, also known as human resources pro­fessionals, formulate policy and organize and conduct programs relating to all phases of...

Personal trainers, often known as fitness trainers, assist health-conscious people with exercise, weight training, weight loss, diet and nutrition, and...

People who do not have the time or the ability to go shopping for clothes, gifts, groceries, and other items...

Personal chefs prepare menus for individuals and their families, purchase the ingredients for the meals, then cook, package, and store...

Periodontists are dentists who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting the gums and bone that sup­port the...

Although perfusionists, formerly known as cardiovascular perfusionists, are not well known to the general public, they play a crucial role...

Pedorthists design, manufacture, fit, and modify shoes and other devices aimed at lessening pain or correcting foot problems. Pedorthists design...

Pediatricians are physicians who provide health care to infants, children, and adolescents. Typically, a pediatrician meets a new patient soon...

Parole is the conditional release of a prisoner who has not served out a full sentence. A long-standing practice of...

The principle of catastrophism states that all of the Earth’s surface features and topography were produced by a few great...

L. Luca Cavalli-Sforza was born on January 25,1922, in Genoa, Italy, and is variously referred to as a pioneering population...

In the broadest sense, cave art is identical to rock art. In a narrow sense, it is painting on cave...

Courtney B. Cazden is an educational sociolinguist at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. Since the 1970s, she has been...

Cebid refers to Cebidae, a family of New World monkeys distributed throughout Latin America. The family consists of three extant...

Celtic Europe is that part of the Eurasian continent under the influence of the Celtic language family, a subset of...

Cercopithecines are primates that make up one of the two major groups of Old World monkeys. All Old World monkeys...

Napoleon Chagnon is biosocial professor emeritus in the Department of Anthropology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Chagnon was...

Chanting is an important linguistic act that is part of many secular and religious practices throughout the world. Many political...

The Chachapoya Indians, often described in popular media as Peru’s ancient “Cloud People,” inhabited the Andean tropical cloud forests between...

It is a commonplace to observe that the healthcare delivery system in the US is in crisis: costs are high...

A market is generally defined as a set of firms or individuals selling similar (or at least partially substitutable) goods...

Recent work in economics suggests that adverse health shocks experienced in utero can have long-lasting effects. Studies have linked fetal...

In recent years, it has become increasingly common for children to be enrolled in preschool education programs for one or...

There is an established ‘healthy public policy’ agenda concerned with the social determinants of health, which recognizes that nonhealth sectors...

While organized Satanism includes quite small groups, social scientists have studied Satanism mostly as the subject matter of juvenile deviance...

Scientology, or officially the ”Church of Scientology,” was founded by adherents of Lafayette Ron Hubbard (1911-86) in 1954, but the...

Although the term sect has played a role in both political sociology and the study of social movements at the...

Secularization is a term used by sociologists to refer to a process by which the overarching and transcendent religious system...