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The evolutionary character of theories of primitive religion is present in the sociological literature from the beginning. It is evident,...

Of the 2 billion Christians in the world today, Protestants make up about a quarter, while Roman Catholics represent a...

It is interesting to note, especially for the consequences within the fields of the social sciences in general and of...

The field of ritual studies has expanded dramatically over the past 20 years. Rituals are analyzed in anthropology, sociology of...

The Latin word sacer, from which the term sacred is derived, denotes a distinction between what is and what is...

Sacrifice is a ritual practice that includes the removal of goods (objects, vegetables, animals, human beings) from profane use or...

On July 27, 2006, President George Walker Bush signed into law H.R. 4472, the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety...

The America’s Missing: Broadcast Emergency Response (AMBER) Alert system was created after the abduction and murder of Amber Hagerman in...

Community notification policies seek to prevent crime, raise awareness, or otherwise educate the public about criminal activity by requiring or...

Incarceration of offenders has proven to be a serious and persistent problem for criminal justice and public health systems. These...

An increase in the proportion of the population that is considered older has led to growth in the number of...

Faith-based initiatives refer broadly to a wide range of interventions and services offered to offenders, victims, and families by volunteers...

Mandatory minimum sentencing statutes specify that certain criminal offenses hold a particular sentence that must be adhered to without exception....

Megan’s Law is the name for several state and federal community notification laws that require government authorities in the United...

Mental health courts (MHCs) are specialty courts designed to divert adults with mental illnesses from jail into behavioral health services....

Native American (American Indian and Alaskan Native) tribal courts are grounded in the principle of sovereignty. Many of the more...

The Resolving Conflict Creatively Program (RCCP) began in 1985 as a collaborative program between the New York Public Schools and...

The role of religion in high school crime and violence has taken many forms. In some cases, it has been...

At the age of 16, Evan Ramsey was the perpetrator of a deadly school shooting at Bethel Regional High School...

Research about victimization trends among racial or ethnic groups has often been hampered by use of different definitions, different measurements,...

College students are at the stage of developmental transition from adolescents to adults. For many, entering college also means moving...

Too often, violence in general, and school violence in particular, is handled punitively. Law enforcement personnel are often involved in...

The term “property crime” typically refers to a crime wherein a piece of property such as a purse, a motor...

Destruction of property is an issue that college campuses continually face. As the United States continues to heal from the...

Crime pervades all areas of human life, and colleges and universities are no exception. Professors are susceptible to the same...

On January 14, 2010, Phoebe Nora Mary Prince, an immigrant from Ireland, hung herself on the stairwell leading to the...

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The essence of scientific research is explaining and predicting relationships among variables. Two or more variables co-vary and are related...

Linguistically, the word “reliability” occurs in contexts of relying on something, for example, on one’s tools, someone else’s service, given...

As the field of ethics addresses the philosophical foundations for standards of behavior and treatment of others when personal, social,...

In many social empirical studies subjects are provoked by situational conditions to exhibit reactive behavior patterns. From these reactions (e.g.,...

Nonrandom sampling, also called “nonprobabilistic” or “nonprobability sampling,” is any sampling method in which the process that determines whether a...

One of the bigger tasks the communication researcher faces is obtaining the data to answer the research question or test...

In communication research scales are used to assess the intensity or the strength of personal variables like traits, states, attitudes,...

Empirical communication and media research attempts to translate reality into data by means of measurement. To insure reliability and validity,...

The social desirability bias is a major response set that is possibly active when data are collected in empirical social...

The original purpose of statistics was collecting data for government and administration. Thus, the term is used for, e.g., employment...

Roland Barthes (1915 –1980) was a French philosopher, semiotician, and literary and media theorist. Over three decades, he produced articles...

Cognitive science is the study of mind, and is an interdisciplinary field that encompasses psychology, philosophy, computer science, education, neuroscience,...

The word “communication” is descended from the Latin noun communicatio, which meant a sharing or imparting. From the root communis...

Communicology is a tradition in the human sciences studying discourse in all of its semiotic and phenomenological manifestations of embodied...