This article explores the paradigm shift introduced by restorative justice programs within the United States’ criminal justice system. The introduction provides context by contrasting traditional punitive approaches with the emerging restorative justice philosophy. The subsequent section delves into the conceptual underpinnings, tracing the historical development and elucidating key theoretical frameworks guiding restorative justice practices. Following
This article explores the principles, practices, and implications of restorative justice within the framework of the United States’ criminal justice system. The introduction provides a concise definition and historical background, setting the stage for an in-depth examination of the purpose and goals of restorative justice, emphasizing its departure from traditional punitive approaches. The subsequent sections
This entry focuses on the psychology of procedural justice (PJ) and the law. PJ is a judgment about the fairness of the procedures employed to resolve conflict. Psychological research shows that PJ enhances satisfaction with conflict procedures and outcomes independent of actual dispute outcomes or outcome fairness. Among the procedural criteria that enhance fairness are
Researchers from a variety of disciplines within psychology have come to the conclusion that people care a great deal about fairness. One stream of this research, organizational justice, focuses on issues of justice in the workplace. Whereas most justice researchers agree that organizational justice is a multidimensional construct, this entry focuses on one particularly important
Organizational justice refers to judgments of the moral rightness or social appropriateness of events in the work environment. As studied by management scholars, this organizational justice or fairness (these terms tend to be used interchangeably) is treated as a subjective judgment made by an individual or group of individuals. Organizational justice research emphasizes the description
Justice refers to the constant and perpetual disposition of legal matters or disputes to render every person his or her due. The concept of justice traces its origin to the Greek language. The Greek work “dike” corresponds to the idea of staying in one’s assigned place or role. The Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle developed
The U.S. Department of Justice is a federal agency overseen by the U.S. Attorney General and charged with a multitude of duties and responsibilities. The mission statement of the U.S. Department of Justice states that the agency has the following goals: “To enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to
The Peace and Justice Studies Association (PJSA), a nonprofit organization, was formed in 2001 when the Consortium on Peace Research, Education and Development (COPRED) merged with the Peace Studies Association (PSA). It is devoted to bringing together academics, K-12 educators, and activities to envision a more peaceful world, to share ideas and strategies for peace
Restorative justice, while a relatively recent, and still somewhat marginal, component of modern criminal justice systems, has long been part of efforts to respond to and prevent crime within a variety of local communities. Approaches in criminology, such as restorative justice and peace-making criminology, express the value of collective efficacy or “social capital,” in which
This article explores the intricate relationship between race and the Juvenile Justice System in the United States, offering a meticulous examination of disparities at each stage of the criminal justice process. The introduction provides a contextual backdrop for the Juvenile Justice System, highlighting the necessity of investigating racial dynamics within its framework. The first section