The transtheoretical model (TTM), also known informally as the stages-of- change model, has been influential in the field of health psychology. The TTM has most frequently been applied to smoking cessation, but has also been applied to many other health-related behaviors. The core of the TTM is the stages-of-change construct, which is a set of
To better explain how jurors make decisions in trial, psychologists have proposed a variety of decision-making models. Some research has examined the decision-making process at the jury level, but the majority of research has examined juror decision-making processes at the individual level. These models are typically grouped into two categories: explanation-based models and mathematical models.
Biopsychosocial Model Background George Engel’s 1977 article in the prestigious journal Science introduced the biopsychosocial model as a replacement for the traditional biomedical explanatory model in medicine. This article both heralded and instigated a paradigm shift in the fields of medicine and the social sciences, and could be said to have functioned as the primary
The strength model of self-control was proposed by Roy Baumeister, an eminent social psychologist, to describe how individuals can control their behavior, automatic tendencies, and natural desires in order to achieve long-term goals and conform to socially prescribed codes of behavior and norms. In this model, the terms self-control and self-regulation are used interchangeably to
The Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM) was originally developed by James O. Prochaska and Carlo C. DiClemente for understanding the stages and processes of smoking cessation and over the past 3 decades has been broadly applied for understanding change across a variety of behaviors, including exercise and physical activity. The TTM was developed to
An established model of leadership in sports is Packianathan Chelladurai’s multidimensional model of leadership (MML). This model was the substance of a doctoral dissertation in management science. It represented a synthesis and reconciliation of the models of leadership found in the mainstream management literature. These preexisting models tended to focus more on either the leader
There are several prevailing models that connect psychological factors and sport injury, each with slightly different perspective on relevant biological, psychological, or social factors. Moreover, prevailing models have typically focused either on incorporating psychosocial factors in predicting and preventing sport injury incidence or upon identifying psychosocial factors associated with injury recovery and rehabilitation outcomes. Extensive
The transtheoretical model is an integrative model of behavior change, combining key constructs from other theories. The model describes how people modify a problem behavior or acquire a positive behavior. It has been very influential in guiding the design of behavior change interventions during the last two decades. The central organizing construct of the model
The earner-carer model is a fundamentally gender egalitarian welfare state approach, which assumes that men and women equally engage in both caregiving and paid employment (Gornick & Meyers 2003). Welfare state structures always rest on gendered assumptions about men’s and women’s roles in the family and workplace. Through social policies, such gender ideologies reflect but
The contingency theory of strategic conflict management, which began as an elaboration, qualification, and extension of the value of symmetry propounded in the excellence theory, has, over the last decade, come into its own and emerged as an empirically tested perspective. This article consolidates the maturation and advances of the theory. Much of the literature