Models are generally divided into groups based on the type of work they do; the most common types of models are fashion, glamour, fine art, and body part models. While modeling has a reputation for consisting solely of tall, thin, exceptionally beautiful women, the industry actually encompasses both men and women with a huge range
Performance modeling refers to the complex process of describing and defining job performance and facilitating the consequent goal of accurate prediction of job performance. It is a concept of particular significance in the area of industrial-organizational psychology as a measure of evaluation for the individual worker and the organization as a whole. Performance modeling also
Along with the operationally defined concepts of dynamical systems theory comes a rich arsenal of mathematical methods and modeling tools that may be usefully employed in the study of complex sports behaviors. This entry highlights just a handful of those, which are all centered on the “problem” of dimensionality reduction. Before going into modeling, the
Cybernetics is the study of control and self-organizing processes in systems, including living organisms, human organizations, and machines. Cybernetic modeling is the attempt to use math or visual symbolic representations of system components and processes to understand the effect of feedback on a given system’s potential states of organization or performance. The term cybernetics can
The distributions of both healthcare expenditures and utilization share a number of characteristics that make their analysis more complicated than conventional economics outcomes; see also Cameron and Trivedi (2013). This article will focus on the analogous issues for costs and expenditures on healthcare. The most salient of these characteristics for many health economics applications are
Introduction There has been a growing use of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) in the assessment of the cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions. There are now many agencies around the world using evidence on the incremental cost per QALY to inform reimbursement decisions or clinical guidelines. The QALY provides a metric for valuing the impact of healthcare interventions
Performance modeling refers to the complex process of describing and defining job performance and facilitating the consequent goal of accurate prediction of job performance. It is a concept of particular significance in the area of industrial-organizational psychology as a measure of evaluation for the individual worker and the organization as a whole. Performance modeling also
Along with the operationally defined concepts of dynamical systems theory comes a rich arsenal of mathematical methods and modeling tools that may be usefully employed in the study of complex sports behaviors. This entry highlights just a handful of those, which are all centered on the “problem” of dimensionality reduction. Before going into modeling, the
As scholars of human behavior in organizations, industrial and organizational psychologists often find themselves trying to understand phenomena that are inherently nested, hierarchical, and multilevel. From private industry to universities to the military to nearly all forms of government, organizations comprise hierarchical structures that loosely resemble pyramids (even if the structures resemble flat pyramids, they
As researchers who examine phenomena within and around organizations, industrial and organizational psychologists must deal with nested data. Consider that individuals are nested within job categories, job categories are nested within work groups, work groups are nested within departments, departments are nested within organizations, and organizations are nested within nations and cultures. Furthermore, people do