Control theories are unique in the field of criminology in that they intend to answer a different question than do most other theories. While most criminological theories are intended to explain why criminals offend, control theories seek to identify the reasons why persons refrain from criminal activity. Thus the assumptions are that crime is not
Conflict theories have their roots in radical political movements such as Marxism and anarchism. Since the 1960s, they have also been influenced by the feminist and anti-racist movements as well as post-structuralism and anti-imperialist theories. Conflict theorists argue that the roots of modern crime problems are linked with those of modern capitalist economies. Capitalist societies
In recent years, criminologists have begun to develop theories that address why and how juvenile delinquents may become adult criminal offenders. Referred to as integrated or developmental theories, this school of thought tends to focus on risk and protective factors and generally utilizes longitudinal studies to develop explanations for why some young people desist from
Psychologists who have advanced normative theories of management have typically advocated highly participative processes for making decisions. The principal basis for such prescriptions is the motivational benefit that results from a leader involving group members in decision making. In spite of this advocacy, reviews of the literature suggest a much more mixed picture of the
Among the best-known theories of work motivation in both academic and applied settings are models predicated on the assumption that, at root, humans are need-driven creatures, most of whose behavior can best be understood by examining their need states and identifying the goals or goal states they seek to satisfy their needs. What is a
This article explores the intricate relationship between psychological theories of denial and health in the field of health psychology. The introduction provides an overview of denial in health contexts, emphasizing its significance and relevance in understanding health-related behaviors. The first section delves into the Freudian perspective on denial as a defense mechanism, elucidating its unconscious
This article delves into the multifaceted world of human development theories, exploring the intellectual legacies of prominent theorists who have shaped our understanding of how individuals grow and change over the lifespan. It provides an insightful journey through the Psychoanalytic Perspective, elucidating the stages of psychosexual development as conceptualized by Sigmund Freud and the psychosocial
Dual Process Theories Definition Dual process theories are a group of theories in social, personality, and cognitive psychology that describe how people think about information when they make judgments or solve problems. These theories are called dual process because they distinguish two basic ways of thinking about information: a relatively fast, superficial, spontaneous mode based
This article delves into the intricate relationship between hostility and health through the lens of prominent psychological theories. Beginning with a psychoanalytic exploration, the article examines Sigmund Freud’s conceptualization of hostility and its impact on mental and physical well-being, considering defense mechanisms as key contributors. Transitioning to the social cognitive perspective, the narrative elucidates how